New: Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis

Manuel

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๐Ÿฆ  ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐Œ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‘๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ

Did you know that syndromes such as ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ and ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ share a common immune mechanism? ๐Ÿค”


๐Ÿ” ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ฎ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐€๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
In both Long COVID and ME/CFS, prolonged exposure to viral antigens results in hyperactivation of CD8 T cells. This leads to a chronic immune response that can cause extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive problems.


๐Ÿฆ  ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ:
In mononucleosis, ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ’ ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž, caused by genetic factors such as certain HLA-II alleles, prevents the immune system from correctly recognizing viral antigens. This deficiency leads to an increase in the number of infected cells, resulting in increased activation of CD8 T cells in an attempt to eliminate the affected cells. This ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง in response to CD4 T-cell insufficiency can result in ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง of the immune system, leading to ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง and increasing the risk of developing ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ, such as multiple sclerosis, due to the persistent presence of viral antigens.


๐Ÿ”— ๐Œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐Œ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ซ๐ฒ:
This inefficiency in antigen recognition can lead to a phenomenon of molecular mimicry, where the immune system mistakes viral antigens for self antigens, exacerbating autoimmunity.


๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐€๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: a persistent SARS-CoV-2 or EBV infection in patients with susceptible HLA-II alleles, whose CD4 T cells fail to control the infection. This leads to hyperactivation of CD8 T cells and their subsequent exhaustion, with the risk of developing autoimmune diseases due to the chronic presence of viral antigens. These antigens share similarities with self antigens, promoting autoimmunity, as these susceptible HLA-II alleles are also more promiscuous and enable this process.


Therefore, those patients who after EBV infection develop infectious mononucleosis are more likely to carry these ineffective HLA-II alleles, which could predispose them also to develop ME/CFS and EBV-associated autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or multiple sclerosis.


๐Ÿ”ฌ ๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‘๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ:

In ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ and ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, some patients develop ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ. This condition arises as a direct consequence of the inability of susceptible ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ alleles to effectively control viral infection, as mentioned above. This deficiency not only prolongs inflammation, but can also trigger an autoimmune response through ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ซ๐ฒ.

In this case, viral antigens mimic ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡ (adrenocorticotropic hormone) structures, a key hormone in the regulation of cortisol, leading to an autoimmune attack against the pituitary gland. This process results in ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ (low cortisol levels), aggravating fatigue, malaise and other symptoms.


๐Ÿง  ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐›๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌ: ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ:
  • ๐Ÿ”น ๐Œ๐ข๐ฅ๐ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ: although they do not develop pituitary autoimmunity, they experience CD8 T-cell hyperactivation and depletion, which also results in fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive problems. In addition, they exhibit ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฌ in response to increased ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ฒ๐ญ๐จ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ. These patients may recover without sequelae.
  • ๐Ÿ”น ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž/๐ฌ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ: develop ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ with hypocortisolism due to molecular mimicry between viral antigens and ACTH, leading to more severe symptoms. These patients may have autoimmune sequelae although the infection will be controlled. There is another possibility in some patients: an increase in ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ข๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž, leading to an effect similar to hypocortisolism, as cortisol signaling is ineffective, aggravating symptoms of inflammation and fatigue.
๐Ÿ‘‰ In summary, both ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’, and ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ illustrate how a dysregulated immune response, facilitated by susceptible ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ alleles, can lead to persistent symptoms and autoimmunity. Autoimmune hypophysitis, caused by mimicry of viral antigens with ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡, is a key factor that may determine the severity of symptoms in many patients.

Moreover, the development of autoimmune diseases such as ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฌ or ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฌ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ has exactly the same developmental basis as these syndromes. In these diseases, the combination of a ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง together with ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ results in the development of autoimmunity. Thus, all these diseases follow the same developmental model (I attach the outline of the model in the next post).

๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ:
The key is to address both the ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง through the use of specific antivirals, and to treat the ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐š๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐ž caused by autoimmunity.


๐Ÿ”‘ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ. Time to better diagnose these conditions diseases and their consequences!


#LongCOVID #MECFS #health.



fimmu-15-1422940-g003 (2).jpg




Image of the developmental model of autoimmune hypophysitis. This model can be extrapolated to the development of other autoimmune diseases and CD8 T-cell hyperactivation:

- Substitute myelin or any autoimmune disease-associated antigen for ACTH in the scheme.
- Substitute HLA-DR15 for the allele that is susceptible to a deficient response against the antigen.
 
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๐Ÿฆ  ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐Œ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‘๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ

Did you know that syndromes such as ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ and ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ share a common immune mechanism? ๐Ÿค”


๐Ÿ” ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ฎ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐€๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
In both Long COVID and ME/CFS, prolonged exposure to viral antigens results in hyperactivation of CD8 T cells. This leads to a chronic immune response that can cause extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive problems.


๐Ÿฆ  ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ:
In mononucleosis, ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ’ ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž, caused by genetic factors such as certain HLA-II alleles, prevents the immune system from correctly recognizing viral antigens. This deficiency leads to an increase in the number of infected cells, resulting in increased activation of CD8 T cells in an attempt to eliminate the affected cells. This ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง in response to CD4 T-cell insufficiency can result in ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง of the immune system, leading to ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง and increasing the risk of developing ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ, such as multiple sclerosis, due to the persistent presence of viral antigens.


๐Ÿ”— ๐Œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐Œ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ซ๐ฒ:
This inefficiency in antigen recognition can lead to a phenomenon of molecular mimicry, where the immune system mistakes viral antigens for self antigens, exacerbating autoimmunity.


๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐€๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: a persistent SARS-CoV-2 or EBV infection in patients with susceptible HLA-II alleles, whose CD4 T cells fail to control the infection. This leads to hyperactivation of CD8 T cells and their subsequent exhaustion, with the risk of developing autoimmune diseases due to the chronic presence of viral antigens. These antigens share similarities with self antigens, promoting autoimmunity, as these susceptible HLA-II alleles are also more promiscuous and enable this process.


Therefore, those patients who after EBV infection develop infectious mononucleosis are more likely to carry these ineffective HLA-II alleles, which could predispose them also to develop ME/CFS and EBV-associated autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or multiple sclerosis.


๐Ÿ”ฌ ๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‘๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ:

In ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ and ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, some patients develop ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ. This condition arises as a direct consequence of the inability of susceptible ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ alleles to effectively control viral infection, as mentioned above. This deficiency not only prolongs inflammation, but can also trigger an autoimmune response through ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ซ๐ฒ.

In this case, viral antigens mimic ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡ (adrenocorticotropic hormone) structures, a key hormone in the regulation of cortisol, leading to an autoimmune attack against the pituitary gland. This process results in ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ (low cortisol levels), aggravating fatigue, malaise and other symptoms.


๐Ÿง  ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐›๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌ: ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ:
  • ๐Ÿ”น ๐Œ๐ข๐ฅ๐ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ: although they do not develop pituitary autoimmunity, they experience CD8 T-cell hyperactivation and depletion, which also results in fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive problems. In addition, they exhibit ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฌ in response to increased ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ฒ๐ญ๐จ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ. These patients may recover without sequelae.
  • ๐Ÿ”น ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž/๐ฌ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ: develop ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ with hypocortisolism due to molecular mimicry between viral antigens and ACTH, leading to more severe symptoms. These patients may have autoimmune sequelae although the infection will be controlled. There is another possibility in some patients: an increase in ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ข๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž, leading to an effect similar to hypocortisolism, as cortisol signaling is ineffective, aggravating symptoms of inflammation and fatigue.
๐Ÿ‘‰ In summary, both ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’, and ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ illustrate how a dysregulated immune response, facilitated by susceptible ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ alleles, can lead to persistent symptoms and autoimmunity. Autoimmune hypophysitis, caused by mimicry of viral antigens with ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡, is a key factor that may determine the severity of symptoms in many patients.

Moreover, the development of autoimmune diseases such as ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฌ or ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฌ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ has exactly the same developmental basis as these syndromes. In these diseases, the combination of a ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง together with ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ results in the development of autoimmunity. Thus, all these diseases follow the same developmental model (I attach the outline of the model in the next post).

๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ:
The key is to address both the ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง through the use of specific antivirals, and to treat the ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐š๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐ž caused by autoimmunity.


๐Ÿ”‘ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ. Time to better diagnose these conditions diseases and their consequences!


#LongCOVID #MECFS #health.



fimmu-15-1422940-g003 (2).jpg




Image of the developmental model of autoimmune hypophysitis. This model can be extrapolated to the development of other autoimmune diseases and CD8 T-cell hyperactivation:

- Substitute myelin or any autoimmune disease-associated antigen for ACTH in the scheme.
- Substitute HLA-DR15 for the allele that is susceptible to a deficient response against the antigen.
I am mild and have been sick for 10 months already. Does it means I have the chance of recoveryng naturally? How can I reduce CD8 T-cell hyperactivity?
 

Aidan Walsh

Senior Member
Messages
416
Hi Manuel,, are you able to check for levels in your lab to see if D-LACTATE ACIDOSIS comes up. Avenger has posted on this on here in the past. I did the blood test recently it came back High Positive.

The normal result ranges in the UK are 120-246UL mine was 480UL

Thank you for your continued research we appreciate all your Teams important work for answers
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
Copia de Copia de Copia de Copia de Brown and Beige Finance New Blog Article Instagram Post (1).png
๐ŸŒŸ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐”๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐…๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ ๐’๐ข๐๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ ๐’๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐Š๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐€๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ.

Stay to the end to understand the relationship of these diseases to the opposite case of diabetes! ๐Ÿญ

๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ and ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ/๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž (๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’) are affecting millions of people worldwide. But why do these conditions cause such overwhelming fatigue? The answer may lie in a fascinating theory: both disorders may be linked to ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ, in which the immune system attacks the pituitary gland, affecting ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡ production and resulting in ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ (low cortisol levels). ๐Ÿง 

๐Ÿ” ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐œ๐ซ๐ฎ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ?
Cortisol is an essential hormone for ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐›๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž, especially in situations of ๐›๐ข๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ or ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ . When cortisol levels are low, as occurs in hypocortisolism, the body has difficulty increasing glucose through ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ž๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ, affecting the ability to maintain constant energy levels. This causes ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ข๐ค๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š and explains the intense fatigue and mental confusion that many patients experience. Without sufficient energy, the brain and muscles cannot function properly. โšก


โš ๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐จ๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š
When the body detects ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š, the ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ sends signals to the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn stimulates the medulla of the adrenal glands to release ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž. This hormone rapidly increases glucose levels by activating ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ (release of glucose from the liver) and reducing insulin activity. However, this emergency mechanism is not always sufficient without the long-term support of cortisol, which is essential for maintaining sustained elevated glucose in situations of stress or prolonged fasting.

In addition to adrenaline, ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง and ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) also counteract hypoglycemia:

๐Ÿ”น๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง: Acts rapidly in response to mild to moderate hypoglycemia by stimulating the release of glucose in the liver. Its action is essential for the rapid adjustment of blood glucose.
๐Ÿ”น๐†๐‡: Although its role is minor compared to glucagon and cortisol, it contributes to raising glucose by reducing its uptake in tissues and stimulating its production in the liver.

These hormones help to partially compensate for the lack of cortisol in the short term. However, because of their compensatory action, ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐œ๐š๐ง ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐€ ๐ฏ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ฒ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฌ.
When hypocortisolism is persistent, the body fails to maintain an adequate long-term glucose supply, leading to a state of chronic energy crisis. This constant deficit causes fatigue, dizziness and symptoms associated with Long COVID and ME/CFS.

Hypocortisolism also perpetuates immune depletion. Without sufficient cortisol, the immune system is not properly regulated, becomes overactive and promotes autoimmunity and a chronic increase in IFN-gamma, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Not only does this generate a destructive cycle of inflammation and damage, but cortisol deficiency also compromises the immune system's ability to fight infection, making the body more vulnerable to external pathogens and viral reactivations. ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿฆ 

๐Ÿค” ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ.
This phenomenon is curious, as it bears similarities to ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ but in the opposite way. In type 1 diabetes, lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). In Long COVID and ME/CFS, the lack of cortisol prevents the body from raising glucose when needed, resulting in hypoglycemia. The presence of glucagon and GH acts as a defense, but cannot be sustained over time without cortisol support.

Imagine studying type 1 diabetes without knowing that insulin is missing; it would be difficult to understand all the symptoms. The same is true for Long COVID and ME/CFS: many studies focus on the consequences and symptoms without considering that a ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง could be at the root of many of the problems.

โš–๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐ข๐š๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ.
Without cortisol, the body cannot mobilize glucose in a sustained manner, explaining not only chronic fatigue, but also difficulty managing stress and engaging in physical activity. In many patients with hypocortisolism, such as those with adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycemias are difficult to detect in spot tests due to the compensatory action of glucagon and GH. For proper detection of hypoglycemias in patients with Long COVID and ME/CFS, it would be ideal to perform glucose checks at strategic times, especially at night and during periods of stress or fasting.

In ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ž๐ซ cases of Long COVID and ME/CFS, patients may not have autoimmunity, but rather only ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง due to ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง and ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ, similar to what occurs in ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ

If this hypothesis is correct, research on Long COVID and ME/CFS may be revealing an underlying hormonal dysfunction. Rather than treating only the symptoms, it would be crucial to address the root of the problem: persistent infection and autoimmune dysfunction affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This may require antiviral and hormonal treatment to improve the patients' quality of life.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿผ๐ˆ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ I attach two diagrams illustrating the difficulty of regulating glucose levels in patients with hypocortisolemia in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž this information with physicians and patients - it's time to better understand these conditions and their repercussions!

#LongCOVID #MECFS #health.


๐Ÿ“Š ๐’๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ: ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฏ๐ฌ. ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ“Š
These schemes illustrate how the body regulates blood glucose levels (blood glucose) in two scenarios: the basal (resting) state and during physical stress or exercise.

1๏ธโƒฃ ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ (๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ) ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž
At rest, the body maintains stable glucose mainly through the action of ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง and ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง, which act in the short term. Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon, which raises glucose when it is low, while beta cells release insulin to lower it when it is high, regulating post-meal glucose.

Other hormones, such as ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) and, to a lesser extent, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ, contribute in the long term to the maintenance of energy metabolism. Adrenaline has a minimal role in the basal state, but can be activated in the face of acute hypoglycemia.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ: In people with hypocortisolism, this basal regulation is altered, making it difficult for the body to maintain stable glucose levels, especially in situations of prolonged fasting or physical exercise.

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2๏ธโƒฃ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐ฑ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
In stressful situations, such as exercise, the body needs additional energy and therefore requires fast and sustained response hormones. Here, ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž plays a crucial role in the ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, mobilizing glucose from the liver to provide rapid energy.

In addition, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ comes into play in the ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, promoting a sustained release of glucose to maintain energy during prolonged exercise. ๐†๐‡ also supports this process, although its effect is secondary and less direct than that of adrenaline and cortisol. Together, these hormones ensure that the body has enough glucose to respond to physical stress effectively.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐๐จ๐ญ๐ž: In conditions such as Long COVID or ME/CFS, possible autoimmunity or inflammation can affect the pituitary gland, decreasing cortisol production and hindering glucose regulation during physical stress, contributing to cycles of hypoglycemia and fatigue.
Copy of Copy of Untitled (3).png


๐Ÿ”„ These schemes show how glucose regulation adapts to the body's energy demands, and how a lack of cortisol in certain patients can lead to constant fatigue and difficulties responding to physical stress.

๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐— ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1850159699263361300
 

Aidan Walsh

Senior Member
Messages
416
View attachment 54712๐ŸŒŸ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐”๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐…๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ ๐’๐ข๐๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ ๐’๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐Š๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐€๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ.

Stay to the end to understand the relationship of these diseases to the opposite case of diabetes! ๐Ÿญ

๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ and ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ/๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž (๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’) are affecting millions of people worldwide. But why do these conditions cause such overwhelming fatigue? The answer may lie in a fascinating theory: both disorders may be linked to ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ, in which the immune system attacks the pituitary gland, affecting ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡ production and resulting in ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ (low cortisol levels). ๐Ÿง 

๐Ÿ” ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐œ๐ซ๐ฎ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ?
Cortisol is an essential hormone for ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐›๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž, especially in situations of ๐›๐ข๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ or ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ . When cortisol levels are low, as occurs in hypocortisolism, the body has difficulty increasing glucose through ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ž๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ, affecting the ability to maintain constant energy levels. This causes ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ข๐ค๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š and explains the intense fatigue and mental confusion that many patients experience. Without sufficient energy, the brain and muscles cannot function properly. โšก


โš ๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐จ๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š
When the body detects ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š, the ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ sends signals to the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn stimulates the medulla of the adrenal glands to release ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž. This hormone rapidly increases glucose levels by activating ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ (release of glucose from the liver) and reducing insulin activity. However, this emergency mechanism is not always sufficient without the long-term support of cortisol, which is essential for maintaining sustained elevated glucose in situations of stress or prolonged fasting.

In addition to adrenaline, ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง and ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) also counteract hypoglycemia:

๐Ÿ”น๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง: Acts rapidly in response to mild to moderate hypoglycemia by stimulating the release of glucose in the liver. Its action is essential for the rapid adjustment of blood glucose.
๐Ÿ”น๐†๐‡: Although its role is minor compared to glucagon and cortisol, it contributes to raising glucose by reducing its uptake in tissues and stimulating its production in the liver.

These hormones help to partially compensate for the lack of cortisol in the short term. However, because of their compensatory action, ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐œ๐š๐ง ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐€ ๐ฏ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ฒ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฌ.
When hypocortisolism is persistent, the body fails to maintain an adequate long-term glucose supply, leading to a state of chronic energy crisis. This constant deficit causes fatigue, dizziness and symptoms associated with Long COVID and ME/CFS.

Hypocortisolism also perpetuates immune depletion. Without sufficient cortisol, the immune system is not properly regulated, becomes overactive and promotes autoimmunity and a chronic increase in IFN-gamma, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Not only does this generate a destructive cycle of inflammation and damage, but cortisol deficiency also compromises the immune system's ability to fight infection, making the body more vulnerable to external pathogens and viral reactivations. ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿฆ 

๐Ÿค” ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ.
This phenomenon is curious, as it bears similarities to ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ but in the opposite way. In type 1 diabetes, lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). In Long COVID and ME/CFS, the lack of cortisol prevents the body from raising glucose when needed, resulting in hypoglycemia. The presence of glucagon and GH acts as a defense, but cannot be sustained over time without cortisol support.

Imagine studying type 1 diabetes without knowing that insulin is missing; it would be difficult to understand all the symptoms. The same is true for Long COVID and ME/CFS: many studies focus on the consequences and symptoms without considering that a ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง could be at the root of many of the problems.

โš–๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐ข๐š๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ.
Without cortisol, the body cannot mobilize glucose in a sustained manner, explaining not only chronic fatigue, but also difficulty managing stress and engaging in physical activity. In many patients with hypocortisolism, such as those with adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycemias are difficult to detect in spot tests due to the compensatory action of glucagon and GH. For proper detection of hypoglycemias in patients with Long COVID and ME/CFS, it would be ideal to perform glucose checks at strategic times, especially at night and during periods of stress or fasting.

In ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ž๐ซ cases of Long COVID and ME/CFS, patients may not have autoimmunity, but rather only ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง due to ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง and ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ, similar to what occurs in ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ

If this hypothesis is correct, research on Long COVID and ME/CFS may be revealing an underlying hormonal dysfunction. Rather than treating only the symptoms, it would be crucial to address the root of the problem: persistent infection and autoimmune dysfunction affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This may require antiviral and hormonal treatment to improve the patients' quality of life.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿผ๐ˆ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ I attach two diagrams illustrating the difficulty of regulating glucose levels in patients with hypocortisolemia in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž this information with physicians and patients - it's time to better understand these conditions and their repercussions!

#LongCOVID #MECFS #health.


๐Ÿ“Š ๐’๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ: ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฏ๐ฌ. ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ“Š
These schemes illustrate how the body regulates blood glucose levels (blood glucose) in two scenarios: the basal (resting) state and during physical stress or exercise.

1๏ธโƒฃ ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ (๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ) ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž
At rest, the body maintains stable glucose mainly through the action of ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง and ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง, which act in the short term. Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon, which raises glucose when it is low, while beta cells release insulin to lower it when it is high, regulating post-meal glucose.

Other hormones, such as ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) and, to a lesser extent, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ, contribute in the long term to the maintenance of energy metabolism. Adrenaline has a minimal role in the basal state, but can be activated in the face of acute hypoglycemia.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ: In people with hypocortisolism, this basal regulation is altered, making it difficult for the body to maintain stable glucose levels, especially in situations of prolonged fasting or physical exercise.

View attachment 54713

2๏ธโƒฃ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐ฑ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
In stressful situations, such as exercise, the body needs additional energy and therefore requires fast and sustained response hormones. Here, ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž plays a crucial role in the ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, mobilizing glucose from the liver to provide rapid energy.

In addition, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ comes into play in the ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, promoting a sustained release of glucose to maintain energy during prolonged exercise. ๐†๐‡ also supports this process, although its effect is secondary and less direct than that of adrenaline and cortisol. Together, these hormones ensure that the body has enough glucose to respond to physical stress effectively.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐๐จ๐ญ๐ž: In conditions such as Long COVID or ME/CFS, possible autoimmunity or inflammation can affect the pituitary gland, decreasing cortisol production and hindering glucose regulation during physical stress, contributing to cycles of hypoglycemia and fatigue.
View attachment 54714

๐Ÿ”„ These schemes show how glucose regulation adapts to the body's energy demands, and how a lack of cortisol in certain patients can lead to constant fatigue and difficulties responding to physical stress.

๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐— ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1850159699263361300
View attachment 54712๐ŸŒŸ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐”๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐…๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ ๐’๐ข๐๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ ๐’๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐Š๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐€๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ.

Stay to the end to understand the relationship of these diseases to the opposite case of diabetes! ๐Ÿญ

๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ and ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ/๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž (๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’) are affecting millions of people worldwide. But why do these conditions cause such overwhelming fatigue? The answer may lie in a fascinating theory: both disorders may be linked to ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ, in which the immune system attacks the pituitary gland, affecting ๐€๐‚๐“๐‡ production and resulting in ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ (low cortisol levels). ๐Ÿง 

๐Ÿ” ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐œ๐ซ๐ฎ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ?
Cortisol is an essential hormone for ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐›๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž, especially in situations of ๐›๐ข๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ or ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ . When cortisol levels are low, as occurs in hypocortisolism, the body has difficulty increasing glucose through ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ž๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ, affecting the ability to maintain constant energy levels. This causes ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ข๐ค๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š and explains the intense fatigue and mental confusion that many patients experience. Without sufficient energy, the brain and muscles cannot function properly. โšก


โš ๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐จ๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š
When the body detects ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š, the ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ sends signals to the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn stimulates the medulla of the adrenal glands to release ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž. This hormone rapidly increases glucose levels by activating ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ (release of glucose from the liver) and reducing insulin activity. However, this emergency mechanism is not always sufficient without the long-term support of cortisol, which is essential for maintaining sustained elevated glucose in situations of stress or prolonged fasting.

In addition to adrenaline, ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง and ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) also counteract hypoglycemia:

๐Ÿ”น๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง: Acts rapidly in response to mild to moderate hypoglycemia by stimulating the release of glucose in the liver. Its action is essential for the rapid adjustment of blood glucose.
๐Ÿ”น๐†๐‡: Although its role is minor compared to glucagon and cortisol, it contributes to raising glucose by reducing its uptake in tissues and stimulating its production in the liver.

These hormones help to partially compensate for the lack of cortisol in the short term. However, because of their compensatory action, ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐œ๐š๐ง ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐€ ๐ฏ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ฒ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฌ.
When hypocortisolism is persistent, the body fails to maintain an adequate long-term glucose supply, leading to a state of chronic energy crisis. This constant deficit causes fatigue, dizziness and symptoms associated with Long COVID and ME/CFS.

Hypocortisolism also perpetuates immune depletion. Without sufficient cortisol, the immune system is not properly regulated, becomes overactive and promotes autoimmunity and a chronic increase in IFN-gamma, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Not only does this generate a destructive cycle of inflammation and damage, but cortisol deficiency also compromises the immune system's ability to fight infection, making the body more vulnerable to external pathogens and viral reactivations. ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿฆ 

๐Ÿค” ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ.
This phenomenon is curious, as it bears similarities to ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž ๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐š๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ but in the opposite way. In type 1 diabetes, lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). In Long COVID and ME/CFS, the lack of cortisol prevents the body from raising glucose when needed, resulting in hypoglycemia. The presence of glucagon and GH acts as a defense, but cannot be sustained over time without cortisol support.

Imagine studying type 1 diabetes without knowing that insulin is missing; it would be difficult to understand all the symptoms. The same is true for Long COVID and ME/CFS: many studies focus on the consequences and symptoms without considering that a ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง could be at the root of many of the problems.

โš–๏ธ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐ข๐š๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ.
Without cortisol, the body cannot mobilize glucose in a sustained manner, explaining not only chronic fatigue, but also difficulty managing stress and engaging in physical activity. In many patients with hypocortisolism, such as those with adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycemias are difficult to detect in spot tests due to the compensatory action of glucagon and GH. For proper detection of hypoglycemias in patients with Long COVID and ME/CFS, it would be ideal to perform glucose checks at strategic times, especially at night and during periods of stress or fasting.

In ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ž๐ซ cases of Long COVID and ME/CFS, patients may not have autoimmunity, but rather only ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง due to ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง and ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ, similar to what occurs in ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฎ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ

If this hypothesis is correct, research on Long COVID and ME/CFS may be revealing an underlying hormonal dysfunction. Rather than treating only the symptoms, it would be crucial to address the root of the problem: persistent infection and autoimmune dysfunction affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This may require antiviral and hormonal treatment to improve the patients' quality of life.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿผ๐ˆ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ I attach two diagrams illustrating the difficulty of regulating glucose levels in patients with hypocortisolemia in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”„ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž this information with physicians and patients - it's time to better understand these conditions and their repercussions!

#LongCOVID #MECFS #health.


๐Ÿ“Š ๐’๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐†๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ: ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฏ๐ฌ. ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ“Š
These schemes illustrate how the body regulates blood glucose levels (blood glucose) in two scenarios: the basal (resting) state and during physical stress or exercise.

1๏ธโƒฃ ๐๐š๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ (๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ) ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž
At rest, the body maintains stable glucose mainly through the action of ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง and ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐œ๐š๐ ๐จ๐ง, which act in the short term. Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon, which raises glucose when it is low, while beta cells release insulin to lower it when it is high, regulating post-meal glucose.

Other hormones, such as ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ž (๐†๐‡) and, to a lesser extent, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ, contribute in the long term to the maintenance of energy metabolism. Adrenaline has a minimal role in the basal state, but can be activated in the face of acute hypoglycemia.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ: In people with hypocortisolism, this basal regulation is altered, making it difficult for the body to maintain stable glucose levels, especially in situations of prolonged fasting or physical exercise.

View attachment 54713

2๏ธโƒฃ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐ฑ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
In stressful situations, such as exercise, the body needs additional energy and therefore requires fast and sustained response hormones. Here, ๐š๐๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž plays a crucial role in the ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, mobilizing glucose from the liver to provide rapid energy.

In addition, ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ comes into play in the ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ, promoting a sustained release of glucose to maintain energy during prolonged exercise. ๐†๐‡ also supports this process, although its effect is secondary and less direct than that of adrenaline and cortisol. Together, these hormones ensure that the body has enough glucose to respond to physical stress effectively.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐๐จ๐ญ๐ž: In conditions such as Long COVID or ME/CFS, possible autoimmunity or inflammation can affect the pituitary gland, decreasing cortisol production and hindering glucose regulation during physical stress, contributing to cycles of hypoglycemia and fatigue.
View attachment 54714

๐Ÿ”„ These schemes show how glucose regulation adapts to the body's energy demands, and how a lack of cortisol in certain patients can lead to constant fatigue and difficulties responding to physical stress.

๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐— ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐š๐: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1850159699263361300
How does this above explain my high levels of D-LACTATE ACIDOSIS AT 480UL?
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
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Copia de Copia de Copia de Copia de Copia de Copia de Brown and Beige Finance New Blog Article...png

๐Ÿ”ด๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐ž๐ž๐๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐š๐ค๐ž ๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’?

These two new preprints present findings supporting hypocortisolemia and the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and SARS-CoV-2 in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐„๐๐• ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.24314417v1.full-text

Healthrising link: https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2024/11/06/network-medicine-me-cfs-severely-ill/

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’-๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.24316777v1

๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ'๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ i๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š?

๐Ÿ”ต ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐š ๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐ฆ
I am a patient of ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) since 2013. It took away my medical career and left me home sick for years. Because of this, I decided to do research to better understand the disease I developed that few were studying at the time. I reviewed countless scientific articles because I had no other choice. My quality of life was so low, housebound, that I felt that if I did not find something to make me better, the suffering would lead me to consider suicide. Together with my ex-girlfriend, I developed a research proposal on the relationship between EBV and the development of ME/CFS in a subgroup of patients, and how HLA-II alleles might be involved. I sent hundreds of emails to research groups in Spain and abroad, but I only received a response from CIMA of the University of Navarra, from the great team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta. They supported the hypothesis, and we collaborated in several review articles. Since before 2019, we already knew that ME/CFS was related to HLA-II alleles, especially because EBV infects by binding its glycoprotein gp-42 to HLA-II, and is related to several autoimmune diseases in people with HLA-II susceptible alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐•๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ž๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Œ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐„๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐‚๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐…๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐žโ€ : https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.656797/full

Despite all this, I was ignored and ridiculed by patients and researchers alike. At first, many said that EBV could not cause ME/CFS, based on studies that did not classify patients according to the pathogen causing the disease, making it almost impossible to identify specific genetic variations of HLA-II in relation to pathogens.

When Long COVID came along, I tried to join patient and research groups to contribute and help, arguing that Long COVID was the same as ME/CFS. I was rebuffed, which was understandable, as no one wanted their disease to be related to ME/CFS, which was stigmatized as psychosomatic. Over time, many Long COVID patients were diagnosed with ME/CFS, meeting the same criteria. I warned that EBV reactivation would bring problems in these patients, just as it does in immunodeficiencies, and I was called crazy. Now it has been shown that EBV reactivation is implicated in Long COVID symptoms and the development of autoimmune diseases.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ-๐š๐œ๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐จ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ-๐ˆ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?โ€:
https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7

I also mentioned that HLA-II alleles are key in the development of both diseases, as they are responsible for distinguishing between self and foreign in the body, and determine whether or not the immune response is effective against a pathogen. However, I continued to be ignored. We recently published on the connection between ME/CFS, Long COVID and ASIA syndrome, which includes post-vaccine syndromes, again highlighting the role of HLA-II alleles. ASIA syndromes, which include post-vaccine syndromes and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated hypophysitis, have been linked to HLA-II alleles because of the exaggerated responses they generate. Despite this, I continued to receive ridicule in forums, as some do not consider ASIA syndrome as a valid disease, despite scientific evidence, such as the connection of hypophysitis generated by ICIs with HLA-II alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐€๐’๐ˆ๐€: ๐š ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž- ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง-๐ข๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ.โ€
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422940/full

Just after publishing this article, my father was diagnosed with bladder cancer and treated with ICIs. Predictably, he developed autoimmune hypophysitis because he possesses the DR-15 allele, just as I do. This same allele was responsible for my autoimmune hypophysitis in 2013 and subsequent development of ME/CFS. What do I say to those who deny the existence of ASIA syndrome, that my father made it up? If he had not insisted on having his cortisol levels checked, he would have died, as routine testing with ICIs does not include this check.

Literature reviews are continually discredited and downplayed, when in fact they are fundamental to understanding that history repeats itself, and that what we believe to be a new disease is not so new. You don't have to go far to see that SARS-CoV, first cousin of SARS-CoV-2, also caused similar problems to Long COVID in a part of the population that got infected, such as the development of autoimmune hypophysitis, hypocortisolism and the same symptoms as ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”— ๐€๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐’๐€๐‘๐’-๐‚๐จ๐• ๐๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ—% ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02325.x
โ–ช๏ธ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987704002828?via%3Dihub

๐Ÿ”ถ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?
The same thing that has happened with many other autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. It has taken decades to show that behind the immune hyperactivity they present, there was a persistent pathogen and a genetic susceptibility linked to HLA-II.

Finally, an article has come to light that gives me peace of mind, because after so much rejection and scorn, science is confirming the objective relationships between the development of Long COVID, ME/CFS and HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.24315052v1

โ˜‘๏ธ ๐๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ˆ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐:
๐Ÿ”น Patients with susceptible HLA-II alleles do not achieve effective control of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID nor EBV in ME/CFS.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism in these patients is caused by autoimmune hypophysitis or damage to the hypothalamus, related to HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism, by promoting immune hyperactivation, perpetuates immune exhaustion in these diseases.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism increases IFN-gamma levels, which increases MHC-II expression in antigen-presenting and non-antigen-presenting cells.
๐Ÿ”น Both immune hyperactivity caused by persistent infection and increased MHC-II expression by IFN-gamma promote reactivations of EBV and other latent pathogens, as well as the formation of neoantigens, which creates a favorable environment for the development of autoimmune diseases, as well as increasing the likelihood of formation of ectopic EBV lymphoid aggregates, which increases the likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases
๐Ÿ”น In these diseases, chronic antivirals will be administered if no treatment can be found that completely eliminates the infection.
๐Ÿ”น Hydrocortisone replacement will be prescribed to those with permanent pituitary damage.

I share all this to remember that, despite the difficulties or lack of support, it is important to keep going, because with time, truth and progress everything comes to light, proving that you were not crazy, as many believed.

Also, some people think that I have received money for my work, but I want to clarify that during all these years of research I have not received a penny. My only motivation has been to contribute to research. I have done everything from a room with a computer, since I have not yet finished my degree and I have no income and no home of my own.

I wish I had not gotten sick in the middle of my medical career, but later, so that I could have helped more and things would have come out sooner. And I hope we have more economic resources to continue with this line of research.

A hug to all of you and keep going. And I would also like to thank that without the Ramsay Award Program 2019 of Solve ME/CFS Initiative and without the team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta from CIMA of the University of Navarra I would not have been able to improve or advance in this hypothesis.
 

Aidan Walsh

Senior Member
Messages
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๐Ÿ”ด๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐ž๐ž๐๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐š๐ค๐ž ๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’?

These two new preprints present findings supporting hypocortisolemia and the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and SARS-CoV-2 in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐„๐๐• ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.24314417v1.full-text

Healthrising link: https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2024/11/06/network-medicine-me-cfs-severely-ill/

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’-๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.24316777v1

๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ'๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ i๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š?

๐Ÿ”ต ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐š ๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐ฆ
I am a patient of ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) since 2013. It took away my medical career and left me home sick for years. Because of this, I decided to do research to better understand the disease I developed that few were studying at the time. I reviewed countless scientific articles because I had no other choice. My quality of life was so low, housebound, that I felt that if I did not find something to make me better, the suffering would lead me to consider suicide. Together with my ex-girlfriend, I developed a research proposal on the relationship between EBV and the development of ME/CFS in a subgroup of patients, and how HLA-II alleles might be involved. I sent hundreds of emails to research groups in Spain and abroad, but I only received a response from CIMA of the University of Navarra, from the great team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta. They supported the hypothesis, and we collaborated in several review articles. Since before 2019, we already knew that ME/CFS was related to HLA-II alleles, especially because EBV infects by binding its glycoprotein gp-42 to HLA-II, and is related to several autoimmune diseases in people with HLA-II susceptible alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐•๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ž๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Œ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐„๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐‚๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐…๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐žโ€ : https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.656797/full

Despite all this, I was ignored and ridiculed by patients and researchers alike. At first, many said that EBV could not cause ME/CFS, based on studies that did not classify patients according to the pathogen causing the disease, making it almost impossible to identify specific genetic variations of HLA-II in relation to pathogens.

When Long COVID came along, I tried to join patient and research groups to contribute and help, arguing that Long COVID was the same as ME/CFS. I was rebuffed, which was understandable, as no one wanted their disease to be related to ME/CFS, which was stigmatized as psychosomatic. Over time, many Long COVID patients were diagnosed with ME/CFS, meeting the same criteria. I warned that EBV reactivation would bring problems in these patients, just as it does in immunodeficiencies, and I was called crazy. Now it has been shown that EBV reactivation is implicated in Long COVID symptoms and the development of autoimmune diseases.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ-๐š๐œ๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐จ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ-๐ˆ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?โ€:
https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7

I also mentioned that HLA-II alleles are key in the development of both diseases, as they are responsible for distinguishing between self and foreign in the body, and determine whether or not the immune response is effective against a pathogen. However, I continued to be ignored. We recently published on the connection between ME/CFS, Long COVID and ASIA syndrome, which includes post-vaccine syndromes, again highlighting the role of HLA-II alleles. ASIA syndromes, which include post-vaccine syndromes and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated hypophysitis, have been linked to HLA-II alleles because of the exaggerated responses they generate. Despite this, I continued to receive ridicule in forums, as some do not consider ASIA syndrome as a valid disease, despite scientific evidence, such as the connection of hypophysitis generated by ICIs with HLA-II alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐€๐’๐ˆ๐€: ๐š ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž- ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง-๐ข๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ.โ€
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422940/full

Just after publishing this article, my father was diagnosed with bladder cancer and treated with ICIs. Predictably, he developed autoimmune hypophysitis because he possesses the DR-15 allele, just as I do. This same allele was responsible for my autoimmune hypophysitis in 2013 and subsequent development of ME/CFS. What do I say to those who deny the existence of ASIA syndrome, that my father made it up? If he had not insisted on having his cortisol levels checked, he would have died, as routine testing with ICIs does not include this check.

Literature reviews are continually discredited and downplayed, when in fact they are fundamental to understanding that history repeats itself, and that what we believe to be a new disease is not so new. You don't have to go far to see that SARS-CoV, first cousin of SARS-CoV-2, also caused similar problems to Long COVID in a part of the population that got infected, such as the development of autoimmune hypophysitis, hypocortisolism and the same symptoms as ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”— ๐€๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐’๐€๐‘๐’-๐‚๐จ๐• ๐๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ—% ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02325.x
โ–ช๏ธ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987704002828?via%3Dihub

๐Ÿ”ถ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?
The same thing that has happened with many other autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. It has taken decades to show that behind the immune hyperactivity they present, there was a persistent pathogen and a genetic susceptibility linked to HLA-II.

Finally, an article has come to light that gives me peace of mind, because after so much rejection and scorn, science is confirming the objective relationships between the development of Long COVID, ME/CFS and HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.24315052v1

โ˜‘๏ธ ๐๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ˆ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐:
๐Ÿ”น Patients with susceptible HLA-II alleles do not achieve effective control of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID nor EBV in ME/CFS.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism in these patients is caused by autoimmune hypophysitis or damage to the hypothalamus, related to HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism, by promoting immune hyperactivation, perpetuates immune exhaustion in these diseases.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism increases IFN-gamma levels, which increases MHC-II expression in antigen-presenting and non-antigen-presenting cells.
๐Ÿ”น Both immune hyperactivity caused by persistent infection and increased MHC-II expression by IFN-gamma promote reactivations of EBV and other latent pathogens, as well as the formation of neoantigens, which creates a favorable environment for the development of autoimmune diseases, as well as increasing the likelihood of formation of ectopic EBV lymphoid aggregates, which increases the likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases
๐Ÿ”น In these diseases, chronic antivirals will be administered if no treatment can be found that completely eliminates the infection.
๐Ÿ”น Hydrocortisone replacement will be prescribed to those with permanent pituitary damage.

I share all this to remember that, despite the difficulties or lack of support, it is important to keep going, because with time, truth and progress everything comes to light, proving that you were not crazy, as many believed.

Also, some people think that I have received money for my work, but I want to clarify that during all these years of research I have not received a penny. My only motivation has been to contribute to research. I have done everything from a room with a computer, since I have not yet finished my degree and I have no income and no home of my own.

I wish I had not gotten sick in the middle of my medical career, but later, so that I could have helped more and things would have come out sooner. And I hope we have more economic resources to continue with this line of research.

A hug to all of you and keep going. And I would also like to thank that without the Ramsay Award Program 2019 of Solve ME/CFS Initiative and without the team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta from CIMA of the University of Navarra I would not have been able to improve or advance in this hypothesis.
I was tested for Hypophystitis it was Negative, I have low Cortisol am in blood plus 24 hour urine collection samples. I also have a small 4mm pituitary tumor they said likely born with this not causing issues, it has never grown bigger either.

I had high pressure spinal fluid years ago went on 80mg of prednisone, it resolved. I took cortisol for am low 5 mg Cortef CFS never resolved but helped only some
 

cfs since 1998

Senior Member
Messages
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๐Ÿ”ด๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐ž๐ž๐๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐š๐ค๐ž ๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’?

These two new preprints present findings supporting hypocortisolemia and the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and SARS-CoV-2 in ME/CFS and Long COVID.

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐„๐๐• ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.24314417v1.full-text

Healthrising link: https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2024/11/06/network-medicine-me-cfs-severely-ill/

โžก๏ธ ๐Œ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’-๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.24316777v1

๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ'๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ i๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐š?

๐Ÿ”ต ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐š ๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐ฆ
I am a patient of ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) since 2013. It took away my medical career and left me home sick for years. Because of this, I decided to do research to better understand the disease I developed that few were studying at the time. I reviewed countless scientific articles because I had no other choice. My quality of life was so low, housebound, that I felt that if I did not find something to make me better, the suffering would lead me to consider suicide. Together with my ex-girlfriend, I developed a research proposal on the relationship between EBV and the development of ME/CFS in a subgroup of patients, and how HLA-II alleles might be involved. I sent hundreds of emails to research groups in Spain and abroad, but I only received a response from CIMA of the University of Navarra, from the great team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta. They supported the hypothesis, and we collaborated in several review articles. Since before 2019, we already knew that ME/CFS was related to HLA-II alleles, especially because EBV infects by binding its glycoprotein gp-42 to HLA-II, and is related to several autoimmune diseases in people with HLA-II susceptible alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐•๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ž๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Œ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐„๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐‚๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐…๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐žโ€ : https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.656797/full

Despite all this, I was ignored and ridiculed by patients and researchers alike. At first, many said that EBV could not cause ME/CFS, based on studies that did not classify patients according to the pathogen causing the disease, making it almost impossible to identify specific genetic variations of HLA-II in relation to pathogens.

When Long COVID came along, I tried to join patient and research groups to contribute and help, arguing that Long COVID was the same as ME/CFS. I was rebuffed, which was understandable, as no one wanted their disease to be related to ME/CFS, which was stigmatized as psychosomatic. Over time, many Long COVID patients were diagnosed with ME/CFS, meeting the same criteria. I warned that EBV reactivation would bring problems in these patients, just as it does in immunodeficiencies, and I was called crazy. Now it has been shown that EBV reactivation is implicated in Long COVID symptoms and the development of autoimmune diseases.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ-๐š๐œ๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐จ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ-๐ˆ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?โ€:
https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7

I also mentioned that HLA-II alleles are key in the development of both diseases, as they are responsible for distinguishing between self and foreign in the body, and determine whether or not the immune response is effective against a pathogen. However, I continued to be ignored. We recently published on the connection between ME/CFS, Long COVID and ASIA syndrome, which includes post-vaccine syndromes, again highlighting the role of HLA-II alleles. ASIA syndromes, which include post-vaccine syndromes and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated hypophysitis, have been linked to HLA-II alleles because of the exaggerated responses they generate. Despite this, I continued to receive ridicule in forums, as some do not consider ASIA syndrome as a valid disease, despite scientific evidence, such as the connection of hypophysitis generated by ICIs with HLA-II alleles.

๐Ÿ”— โ€œ๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐€๐’๐ˆ๐€: ๐š ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž- ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง-๐ข๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ.โ€
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422940/full

Just after publishing this article, my father was diagnosed with bladder cancer and treated with ICIs. Predictably, he developed autoimmune hypophysitis because he possesses the DR-15 allele, just as I do. This same allele was responsible for my autoimmune hypophysitis in 2013 and subsequent development of ME/CFS. What do I say to those who deny the existence of ASIA syndrome, that my father made it up? If he had not insisted on having his cortisol levels checked, he would have died, as routine testing with ICIs does not include this check.

Literature reviews are continually discredited and downplayed, when in fact they are fundamental to understanding that history repeats itself, and that what we believe to be a new disease is not so new. You don't have to go far to see that SARS-CoV, first cousin of SARS-CoV-2, also caused similar problems to Long COVID in a part of the population that got infected, such as the development of autoimmune hypophysitis, hypocortisolism and the same symptoms as ME/CFS and Long COVID.

๐Ÿ”— ๐€๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐’๐€๐‘๐’-๐‚๐จ๐• ๐๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ—% ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02325.x
โ–ช๏ธ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987704002828?via%3Dihub

๐Ÿ”ถ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ?
The same thing that has happened with many other autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. It has taken decades to show that behind the immune hyperactivity they present, there was a persistent pathogen and a genetic susceptibility linked to HLA-II.

Finally, an article has come to light that gives me peace of mind, because after so much rejection and scorn, science is confirming the objective relationships between the development of Long COVID, ME/CFS and HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.24315052v1

โ˜‘๏ธ ๐๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ˆ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐›๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐:
๐Ÿ”น Patients with susceptible HLA-II alleles do not achieve effective control of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID nor EBV in ME/CFS.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism in these patients is caused by autoimmune hypophysitis or damage to the hypothalamus, related to HLA-II alleles.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism, by promoting immune hyperactivation, perpetuates immune exhaustion in these diseases.
๐Ÿ”น Hypocortisolism increases IFN-gamma levels, which increases MHC-II expression in antigen-presenting and non-antigen-presenting cells.
๐Ÿ”น Both immune hyperactivity caused by persistent infection and increased MHC-II expression by IFN-gamma promote reactivations of EBV and other latent pathogens, as well as the formation of neoantigens, which creates a favorable environment for the development of autoimmune diseases, as well as increasing the likelihood of formation of ectopic EBV lymphoid aggregates, which increases the likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases
๐Ÿ”น In these diseases, chronic antivirals will be administered if no treatment can be found that completely eliminates the infection.
๐Ÿ”น Hydrocortisone replacement will be prescribed to those with permanent pituitary damage.

I share all this to remember that, despite the difficulties or lack of support, it is important to keep going, because with time, truth and progress everything comes to light, proving that you were not crazy, as many believed.

Also, some people think that I have received money for my work, but I want to clarify that during all these years of research I have not received a penny. My only motivation has been to contribute to research. I have done everything from a room with a computer, since I have not yet finished my degree and I have no income and no home of my own.

I wish I had not gotten sick in the middle of my medical career, but later, so that I could have helped more and things would have come out sooner. And I hope we have more economic resources to continue with this line of research.

A hug to all of you and keep going. And I would also like to thank that without the Ramsay Award Program 2019 of Solve ME/CFS Initiative and without the team of Dr. Bruno Paiva and Aintzane Zabaleta from CIMA of the University of Navarra I would not have been able to improve or advance in this hypothesis.
I agree that science needs to look at EBV, considering that EBV is now conclusively linked to multiple sclerosis, and may have an important role in other autoimmune diseases including RA, Sjogren's, and lupus. I am currently working on a persuasive essay on this topic.

The problem is some of us have gotten worse with antivirals, in some cases a lot worse. I myself and a few others developed small fiber neuropathy pretty rapidly after starting valacyclovir. Do you have a theory for that?
 

Violeta

Senior Member
Messages
3,314
I agree that science needs to look at EBV, considering that EBV is now conclusively linked to multiple sclerosis, and may have an important role in other autoimmune diseases including RA, Sjogren's, and lupus. I am currently working on a persuasive essay on this topic.

The problem is some of us have gotten worse with antivirals, in some cases a lot worse. I myself and a few others developed small fiber neuropathy pretty rapidly after starting valacyclovir. Do you have a theory for that?
I found this about valacyclovir.

"Some people with a weak immune system who take valacyclovir may develop a condition called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). These conditions can cause small blood clots throughout the body, reducing blood flow to organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys."

Do small blood clots cause small fiber neuropathy?
 

cfs since 1998

Senior Member
Messages
801
I found this about valacyclovir.

"Some people with a weak immune system who take valacyclovir may develop a condition called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). These conditions can cause small blood clots throughout the body, reducing blood flow to organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys."

Do small blood clots cause small fiber neuropathy?
Maybe, but the other symptoms don't match TTP or HUS very well. Thank you for pointing this out though, I will look more closely at these.
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
๐Ÿ’ก ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฏ๐š ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ ๐œ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’..

๐Ÿ“Š ๐–๐ก๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ญ?
The blood cortisol tests I had done in the morning (at 11 o'clock) always came out within normal ranges, even after the EBV-caused hypophysitis I had at the onset of my disease in 2013. However, these values ๐๐จ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ž๐ง ๐ˆ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ค๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฉ, since, by the time I got to the blood draw, it had been a while since I woke up.

In contrast, the saliva cortisol test ๐๐จ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฆ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š๐Ÿ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐ฐ๐š๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฎ๐ฉ, because you can take the sample directly in bed, before starting any activity. This gives a more accurate picture of the circadian rhythm.

๐Ÿ  ๐€๐๐ฏ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฏ๐š ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ
โ–ช๏ธ You can take the samples comfortably from home.
โ–ช๏ธ Allows cortisol to be measured at different times of the day, giving a complete picture of the ๐œ๐ข๐ซ๐œ๐š๐๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ซ๐ก๐ฒ๐ญ๐ก๐ฆ.
โ–ช๏ธ Measures free, metabolically active ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ, rather than the total cortisol usually measured in blood.
โ–ช๏ธ A single morning blood cortisol sample does not accurately reflect the full circadian rhythm.

๐Ÿ“Œ ๐๐จ๐ญ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž:
The morning peak cortisol should be normal. In my case, it is well below expected, something that is also seen in many studies on Long COVID and ME/CFS.

โš ๏ธ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐จ ๐ข๐Ÿ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐จ๐ซ ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’?
1๏ธโƒฃ Perform this test to confirm possible hormone deficiencies.
2๏ธโƒฃ If the cortisol curve is low, your endocrinologist should order a ๐‚๐‘๐‡ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ in the hospital to assess pituitary function and ACTH secretion.

โœจ ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง!
๐Ÿ‘‰ With other ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ and ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ฌ, so that more people know the importance of this test and benefit from a more accurate diagnosis.

https://x.com/manruipa/status/1857416405819232631
GcbeYAGXUAA3eQR.jpeg
GcbeYAIWsAEaRFT.jpeg
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
โœจ ๐–๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ ๐›๐ฒ ๐‚๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐‰๐จ๐ก๐ง๐ฌ๐จ๐ง! โœจ

๐Ÿ“š In this summary, Cort Johnson explores several articles, including ours:

๐‡๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐€๐’๐ˆ๐€: ๐š ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž- ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง-๐ข๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ.

In his analysis, he highlights how two different perspectives converge in a central conclusion: the crucial role of the pituitary gland in these conditions. Both could be a consequence of persistent infection.

๐Ÿ”Ž ๐‡๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ๐ฌ:
๐Ÿ”น ๐Ž๐ฎ๐ซ ๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐š๐œ๐ก: autoimmune damage to the pituitary, possibly caused by persistent infections, is key to hormonal deficiencies, especially ACTH, leading to hypocortisolemia.

๐Ÿ”น ๐€๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐š๐œ๐ก: elevated intracranial hypertension can damage the pituitary, generating similar hormonal deficiencies.

๐Ÿง  ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง: the pituitary plays a crucial role in the development of ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ and ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’, underlining the importance of addressing these dysfunctions.

๐Ÿค This analysis shows how different research can complement each other to improve our understanding of these pathologies.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐ƒ๐จ๐ง'๐ญ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ!
๐Ÿ“Ž Link to Cort Johnson's summary: https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2024/11/14/exhausted_immune-t-cells-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
 

Oliver3

Senior Member
Messages
981
That's a rather myopic and polarised view. I know 4 people in my social circle who died of COVID because they were unvaccinated. Cleary there are pros and cons to vaccination, and a balanced view would encompass all the nuances and situations.

It's not surprising that COVID vaccines can occasionally trigger ME/CFS, as many other vaccines are also known to do this. According to some pre-pandemic research by Dr Chia, around 1.5% of ME/CFS patients have their illness triggered by a vaccine.

Why a viral infection as well as a vaccination can trigger ME/CFS remains a mystery. If the dots can be connected between these two triggers, it should throw light on the nature of ME/CFS.
Definitely not a myopic view. This should never have been given to young people. Ever!
Fine people in older age groups or at risks categories take the chance. There's still no real evidence that they actually saved lives?
Why? Well it's not called COVID 19 for any old reason is it. This was around in the UK I at least December 2019. Confirmed everyone in my hoe town came down with a nasty " flu" with a dry cough.blood draw Nurses have since today ne it was COVID 19. If you remember the incessant tracking of numbers for a whole year n more...telling us about 100,000 cases on this day , 45 ,000 on that....this went on a year before any vaccines were put in arms. ( And that's only the people who bothered to get tested)
Virtually everyone was exposed to some degree to the virus in my opinion before the whole vaccine schedule has been swung into action.
You NEEDED to get the infection
You needed long term immunity.
This whole thing has been an utter debate and I so angry about it.

I' get my blood drawn often enough and the nurse that does mine was a front line COVID nurse in the NHS during the pandemic ( she had enough of seeing the whole thing).

She told me after vaccines were administered still births , strokes Nnd heart attacks skyrocketed


She said that they also started feeding d dimed info into the system on request of the government. It got to a point where every young person who came into a and e , no matter what the illness , were screened routinely
That feedback led to Astra zeneca being puked

She also said the suicide rate, particularly amongst teenagers due too lockdown was horrendous.

Anybody denying this aspect now, well it's either being blind deliberately or just blind and.....

Thinking about vaccines being a cause of autoimmunity is nothing new is it ( 1986 legislation in America to grant legal indemnity is proof of that isn't it) but I wonder if one of the reasons m.e
Research is constantly not funded is that the roads to a cause are gonna lead in a big way to a big causal factor in m.e.


I used to think modern medicine was phenomenal. It still is
But it's arrogance and vested interests are creating chimera.
The Amish did just fine during the pandemic. I don't know anyone who died of COVID but I know of one death and many many vascular injuries definitely caused by the vaccines.

Honestly I can't help but vent as I'm appalled by people refusing to believe what is in front of them
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
๐Ÿ”ด ๐€๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐›๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ค๐ž๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ.

โ€œInterestingly, pituitary defects may persist long after the initial infection, possibly contributing to the โ€œLong COVID syndromeโ€.

๐Ÿ”— https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11102-024-01463-3

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿผ If you are an ME/CFS or Long COVID patient, share this post and take this list of markers to your endocrinologist to assess for the presence of secondary adrenal insufficiency:

๐๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ:
โ–ช๏ธ Morning serum cortisol (7-9 am).
โ–ช๏ธ Basal plasma ACTH (7-9 am).
โ–ช๏ธ 24h saliva cortisol (4 samples in 24h): Useful in cases of mild hypocortisolism, where ACTH and cortisol levels in blood may be normal in the morning.
โ–ช๏ธ 24h urine free cortisol.
โ–ช๏ธ DHEA-S.
โ–ช๏ธ Androstenedione.
โ–ช๏ธ Aldosterone and plasma renin (rule out primary adrenal insufficiency).

๐ƒ๐ฒ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ:
โ–ช๏ธ Synacthen test (ACTH stimulation): to rule out primary adrenal insufficiency.
โ–ช๏ธ Insulin tolerance test (ITP): To assess secondary adrenal insufficiency, although it is more invasive and has a higher risk of side effects (hypoglycemia).
โ–ช๏ธ CRH stimulation: Differentiates between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, more useful in secondary/tertiary cases.
โ–ช๏ธ Methyrapone test: Detects secondary adrenal insufficiency, is more physiologic than insulin test and with fewer side effects.

๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ:
โ–ช๏ธ Pituitary MRI with contrast.
โ–ช๏ธ Adrenal CT (if ACTH is high).

๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ค๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ:
โ–ช๏ธ Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
๐Ÿ”น Primary: Elevated.
๐Ÿ”น Secondary: Low or normal.
โ–ช๏ธ Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium).
๐Ÿ”น Primary: Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
๐Ÿ”น Secondary: Normal.
โ–ช๏ธ Glycemia (associated hypoglycemia).
๐Ÿ”น Primary: Low.
๐Ÿ”น Secondary: May be normal.
โ–ช๏ธ Serum prolactin (pituitary stalk disorders).
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
๐Ÿ’ก๐€๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐Œ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐„๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ.

Years ago, when we said that Myalgic Encephalomyelitis(ME/CFS) had an infectious origin, many researchers and patients rejected this theory. However, it is now gaining strength. Even the similarity between Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Long COVID was also rejected.

This new article provides further evidence of the similarity between Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Long COVID. It demonstrates that immune exhaustion occurs in both pathologies and that persistent infection is responsible.

๐Ÿง  The article raises the ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, which I will answer based on what we currently know from our reviews:

1๏ธโƒฃ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐œ๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ง๐ญ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐œ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐Œ๐„?

Any uncontrolled infection in an individual with HLA-II alleles deficient against that infection.

2๏ธโƒฃ ๐€๐ซ๐ž ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Œ๐„, ๐จ๐ซ ๐œ๐š๐ง ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ?

Any intracellular pathogen (viruses, bacteria or parasites). Herpesviruses are most associated with the development of ME/CFS because of their ability to generate latency and because some, such as Epstein-Barr virus, infect by binding to HLA-II molecules.

3๏ธโƒฃ ๐ˆ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐š ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฉ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ž๐ง๐๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ?

Yes, as in any other immunodeficiency. Reactivations of latent pathogens, such as herpesviruses or Parvovirus B19, increase immune depletion and generate damage characteristic of these pathogens. They may even contribute to the development of autoimmune outbreaks.

4๏ธโƒฃ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ -๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ฌ๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ–+ ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐›๐ฌ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐›๐ฎ๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐Œ๐„ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ?

Any persistent infection generates immune exhaustion of CD8 T cells due to chronic antigen persistence. Another key factor is the development of autoimmune diseases (such as autoimmune hypophysitis) as a consequence of infection. Autoimmune hypophysitis causes a cortisol deficit, which leads to increased immune hyperactivity and consequently aggravates immune exhaustion.

5๏ธโƒฃ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐จ ๐๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฒ ๐ฏ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฆ๐ž๐œ๐ก๐š๐ง๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ฌ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐›๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง?

Exhaustion occurs primarily through chronic persistence of antigens in all of them. Each will have other pathways to evade the immune response.


โš ๏ธ ๐Ž๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฉ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ:

We disagree with one of the treatments suggested in the article.
If infection were the sole cause of these pathologies, therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) to decrease immune depletion might be useful. However:

โŒ This proposal does not take into account the autoimmunity present in these diseases, which also arises as a consequence of infection in patients with HLA-II alleles.

โŒ The use of ICIs in patients with autoimmune diseases increases the risk of aggravating autoimmunity, especially increasing the risk of autoimmune hypophysitis.

๐Ÿ’Š ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐›๐ž ๐๐จ๐ง๐ž?

โœ”๏ธ Eliminate the underlying cause, i.e. persistent infection and the consequences of autoimmunities.
โœ”๏ธ If viruses are the culprits, they should be treated chronically with antivirals until a therapy capable of completely eliminating them is developed.
โœ”๏ธ Treat the consequences of developed autoimmunities. For example, if hypocortisolism is present, it should be treated with hydrocortisone in replacement doses (not supraphysiological doses that immunosuppress) to prevent immune hyperactivity.

๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ž: https://www.pnas.org/doi/epub/10.1073/pnas.2415119121

More information in X: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1864281296228213041

๐Ÿ“Ž I attach in the thread more publications with information about the relationship between ME and Long COVID.





#LongCovid #MECFS #Health
 

Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
๐Ÿ”ตRecommendations for those patients with Long COVID, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or post-vaccinal syndromes with hypocortisolism in the morning.

Many patients are afraid of the symptoms generated by corticosteroids in supraphysiological doses. Let us remember that in these diseases supraphysiologic doses would not be given but substitute doses as those produced by a healthy person.

๐Ÿ”นOptions before starting with full replacement doses of hydrocortisone:

1๏ธโƒฃ Take doses of Panax ginseng that simulate the circadian rhythm of cortisol. It could be useful for those with mild hypocrotisolism.

2๏ธโƒฃ If there is only mild hypocortisolism in the morning, one could take only low doses of hydrocortisone in the morning. When there have been years with mild hypocortisolism, the sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptors can increase, causing that if the substitutive dose is given suddenly, it can generate symptoms. Therefore, in these cases the ideal is to first test the tolerance in the morning of 5mg of hydrocortisone. Some will find this dose sufficient to improve and others will need to continue to increase the dose up to a full replacement dose. This depends on the damage to the pituitary or adrenal gland.

Choose at the outset one of the two options and do not combine them. The combination of Panax ginseng and hydrocortisone should be done with care as both increase the effect of cortisol in the body. Therefore, if not done correctly, the combination can cause symptoms of hypercortisolism. Therefore, it is best to test tolerance separately to begin with and then decide whether to combine them. For example, one could treat with Panax ginseng in those who only take 5mg of hydrocortisone in the morning, to stimulate the afternoon cycle after the morning dose of hydrocortisone.

#LongCovid #MECFS #Health

Share this information with physicians and patients - it's time to better understand these conditions and their repercussions!

More information in X: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1868677757531472183


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Manuel

Senior Member
Messages
108
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๐Ÿ›‘ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐๐จ๐ž๐ฌ ๐๐Ž๐“ ๐ฆ๐ž๐š๐ง ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐›๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž! ๐Ÿ›‘

Lately, there is a big buzz on networks about a new study that apparently โ€œprovesโ€ that COVID-19 vaccines can cause post-vaccination syndromes in some patients. Predictably, many are using this as ammunition for anti-vaccine discourse. ๐๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐œ๐ก ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ก๐š๐ ๐š๐ฅ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ.

๐Ÿ“ข ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ค๐ž๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐Ž๐“ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐๐ฌ.

What these studies are showing is NOT that vaccines are โ€œdangerousโ€, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ก๐จ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐œ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ, either by infection or vaccination. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ.

๐Ÿ’‰ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐š๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ž๐œ๐š๐๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐๐ž๐ฌ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐›๐ž๐ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐€๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž/๐€๐๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฏ๐š๐ง๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž (๐€๐’๐ˆ๐€). Prior to COVID-19, similar syndromes had already been documented after vaccination against HPV, hepatitis B and even influenza.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฅ๐Ÿ, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ. If these same people had been infected with the virus, they probably would have developed the same pathology.

๐Ÿ”ฌ ๐Ž๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ซ: ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ค๐ž๐ฒ.
Our model predicts that the predisposition to develop ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ, ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐š๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ/๐œ๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ depends on the combination of certain HLA-II alleles that determine how the immune system responds to the SARS-CoV-2 antigen. ๐Ÿ”— https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422940/full


๐Ÿ“Œ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ?
1๏ธโƒฃ ๐…๐š๐ข๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ’ ๐“-๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง.
โ–ช๏ธIn individuals with certain HLA-II, CD4 T cells fail to efficiently control the immune response after contact with antigen (either virus or vaccine).
โ–ช๏ธThis generates an ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ in an attempt to compensate for the deficit.

2๏ธโƒฃ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง
โ–ช๏ธThis dysregulated response leads to overproduction of antibodies and excessive CD8 T-cell activation.
โ–ช๏ธOver time, CD8 T cells become exhausted, reducing the ability to control chronic infections.

3๏ธโƒฃ ๐‘๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐œ๐ก ๐š๐ฌ ๐„๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง-๐๐š๐ซ๐ซ ๐•๐ข๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฌ (๐„๐๐•)
โ–ช๏ธThe already weakened immune system cannot keep other viruses such as EBV or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) under control.
โ–ช๏ธThis results in symptoms of chronic fatigue, dysautonomia and neurological deterioration, as seen in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis.

4๏ธโƒฃ ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ.
โ–ช๏ธAs inflammation and the presence of viral antigens in tissues persist, the possibility of the immune system confusing these antigens with self proteins increases, generating autoimmunity.
โ–ช๏ธThis mechanism is similar to that observed in diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lupus following viral infections.

๐Ÿงช ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ? ๐“๐ก๐ž๐ฒ ๐ฏ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ.

Recently, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ค๐ž๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ:

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐˜๐š๐ฅ๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐ฆ'๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐ง ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐:
โ–ช๏ธPersistence of Spike protein in the blood of patients with postvaccinal symptoms.
โ–ช๏ธImmune dysfunction with abnormal CD8 T-cell activation.
โ–ช๏ธReactivation of Epstein-Barr virus, a key marker of immune exhaustion.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.18.25322379v1

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐š๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธReduced cortisol levels, indicating dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the central axes in our model.
โ–ช๏ธCD8 T-cell expansion with progressive immune exhaustion.
โ–ช๏ธEBV and VZV reactivation in patients with persistent symptoms.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06651-y

โœ… ๐๐๐€๐’ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐จ๐ง ๐‚๐ƒ๐Ÿ– ๐“ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐Œ๐’/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธTranscriptional reprogramming predisposing CD8+ T cells towards exhaustion.
โ–ช๏ธElevated expression of exhaustion markers after exercise stimulus.
โ–ช๏ธCorrelation with chronic viral infections as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2415119121

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ ๐ข๐ง ๐‰๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐’๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‡๐‹๐€:
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) at the Root of Persistent Antigens and Long COVID.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.immunologyresearchjourn...he-root-of-persistent-antigens-and-long-covid

โœ… ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐‘๐ฑ๐ข๐ฏ ๐จ๐ง ๐‡๐‹๐€ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ค๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐:
โ–ช๏ธAssociation of Long COVID with HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles.
โ–ช๏ธGenetic correlation between Long COVID, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and depression.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.24315052v1

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐ง ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธME/CFS patients, compared to controls, have a significantly higher EBV load.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202502.0185/v1

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐…๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Œ๐ข๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ข๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐:
โ–ช๏ธHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and its impact on immune regulation.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.frontiersin.org/journal...logy/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1501949/full

โœ… ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐š๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐‹๐จ๐ง๐  ๐‚๐Ž๐•๐ˆ๐ƒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‡๐๐€ ๐š๐ฑ๐ข๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐:
โ–ช๏ธEvidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 and Long COVID. Hypopituitarism in some patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
โ–ช๏ธPossible relationship between virus-induced chronic inflammation and alterations in cortisol production.
โ–ช๏ธImpact on immune regulation due to persistent hormonal deficiencies.
โ–ช๏ธPituitary defects may persist long after initial infection, possibly contributing to โ€œprolonged COVID syndrome.โ€
๐Ÿ”— https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11102-024-01463-3

โœ… ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐‘๐ฑ๐ข๐ฏ ๐จ๐ง ๐Œ๐„/๐‚๐…๐’ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฉ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฏ๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐:
โ–ช๏ธMatunine hypocortisolism similar to those observed in patients with Long COVID.
โ–ช๏ธRelationship between ME/CFS and neuroimmune axis dysfunction.
๐Ÿ”— https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.24314417v2

๐Ÿ“Œ ๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐๐ž๐š ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐š ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง ๐ฆ๐ž๐œ๐ก๐š๐ง๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐š๐ฌ ๐๐ž๐ฌ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐›๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐จ๐๐ž๐ฅ.

๐Ÿšจ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง: ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐š ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ช๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐ง ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ.

โŒ ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐›๐ž๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐จ๐ซ ๐š๐ ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ. It's about understanding that some people have a genetic predisposition that makes them more vulnerable to developing post-viral and post-vaccine diseases.

๐Ÿ” ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ง๐จ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ฌ๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ž๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ก๐จ ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐š๐ญ-๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ค ๐‡๐‹๐€-๐ˆ๐ˆ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐œ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ง ๐จ๐ซ ๐›๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง.

๐Ÿ’ก The debate should not be โ€œvaccine yes or noโ€, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ ๐๐จ ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ๐ฐ๐š๐ซ๐๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐š๐๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ.

๐Ÿ“ข ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐จ ๐ค๐ž๐ž๐ฉ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฌ๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ, ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ข๐๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ.

More information in this post: https://x.com/manruipa/status/1893679885559759258
 
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