Have you any idea of the science behing the mechanisms of their actions Hip?
I do, but the starting point in understanding generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is not very good, because there seems to be very little research into this illness, and I get the impression people don't realize how bad moderate to severe GAD can be (such "nervous breakdowns" caused by anxiety can destroy careers and relationships). So I think that GAD research is overlooked, and consequently, we know very little about the mechanisms of GAD.
What we do know is that when you locally infuse glutamate antagonists into the amygdala, this has been shown to decrease fear and anxiety in animals. So this suggests that anxiety might be caused by high levels of glutamate in the amygdala (though note that the amygdala is not the only brain area linked to anxiety).
Now it just so happens that chronic brain inflammation can produce lots of glutamate, so my hypothesis is that GAD may be caused by brain inflammation in the amygdala, producing lots of glutamate which over-stimulates the NMDA receptors in this area of the brain. This then may explain why supplements which reduce brain inflammation I observed to have anti-anxiety effects.
I also found high dose transdermal magnesium (an good NMDA antagonist) had anti-anxiety effects, reinforcing the theory that NMDA receptor overstimulation is the cause of my GAD.
N-acetyl-glucosamine is the star anti-anxiety supplement in my anti-anxiety list, and I speculate on its possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action at the bottom of
this post.
I also found that Zinc Carnosine was the best supplement by far for restoring mucous membranes (mine have been thin and dry for some time)
Zinc carnosine is known to help leaky gut, so perhaps you might have such intestinal barrier dysfunction? More info in
this post.
Have you any clues about the mechanism behind Citrulline Malate?
I am not sure, but citrulline (as well as arginine), in doses of around 5 grams, detoxifies ammonia, and ammonia, like glutamate, is a potent activator of NMDA receptors. I find citrulline and arginine have noticeable anti-anxiety effects, which could mean that my anxiety in part may be due to high ammonia. In fact, high ammonia was my first theory on what caused my severe generalized anxiety disorder (see
this thread).
I think high ammonia might explain the anxiety found in people with Helicobacter pylori stomach ulcers, as this bacterium produces lots of ammonia.
This ammonia theory may still hold (and may be responsible for a percentage of my anxiety); but I now think most of my anxiety is likely due to brain inflammation and glutamate.
I am inclined to rework slightly. Wired beign a state of over-stimulous, Anxious being severe over-stimulous. So I see it as being a stimulation scale starting at doped (under stimualted) through healthy to wired and then anxious.
One idea I had: GAD may be due to high glutamate specifically in the amygdala, whereas the "wired" state may be due to high glutamate in other areas of the brain. Obviously the particular location of any high glutamate in the brain will determine what type of mental symptoms appear.
For high cortisol, ketoconazole is a potent inhibitor, but this drug is hard to find, as it has been largely taken off the market due to it occasionally causing serious and sometimes fatal liver problems. Ref:
1 Phosphatidylserine and Relora® (Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense) also lower cortisol. Ref:
1 Holy basil is touted to regulate cortisol.