Manuel
Senior Member
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- 108
Good afternoon,
I've been sick and I haven't been able to participate much in the forum. I have added other tests that would help in the diagnosis of CFS, especially for the Epstein Barr virus infection subgroup.
1. Activated T lymphocytes (CD3+, HLA-DR+), (CD4+, HLA-DR+): A low level of activated T lymphocytes indirectly indicates a decrease in the antigenic presentation of HLA-II. This decrease in CD4+ HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes can be seen in other EBV-associated diseases, for example in children with EBV-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This is caused by the latent proteins of this virus in antigen-presenting cells.
2. Molecular typing of the HLA system: to verify the existence of certain HLA alleles predisposed to develop EBV-associated diseases. For example: HLA-DR15 and HLA-DQ6 predispose to develop multiple sclerosis but together with more factors. Depending on the type of HLA, it will indicate a greater or lesser genetic susceptibility to having difficulties in controlling this infection. HLA-DR would be the most interesting type of HLA in this case, because DR is a molecular type of class II MHC.
3. IgG antibodies against nuclear antigen (IgG anti-EBNA): these antibodies against this latent protein must be elevated due to a chronic latent infection, as in multiple sclerosis.
4. Increased CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T reg lymphocytes in infected mucosa and blood.
5. Increase of T reg lymphocytes CD4+ CD25+ CCR7- These are the ones that remain in the tissues, and due to the infection an increase takes place.
6. Decrease of T reg lymphocytes CD4+ CD25+ CCR7+. These are the ones that recirculate through the lymph nodes. The infection decreases the expression of CCR7+.
7. Decrease in C3 and/or C4 levels occurs in infections. If C4a is elevated it indicates chronic inflammation.
8. Elevation of TGF-B and Il-10 by increased T reg.
9. Elevation of specific IgA against Epstein Barr in intestinal mucosa. Especially in the biopsies of terminal ileum, since it is in the small intestine where they are secreted. The most effective neutralizing antibodies against viruses that infect the host through the mucous membranes are usually of the igA isotype, since they block the virus in the mucous membrane itself, preventing it from accessing its target cell.
Tests 1,2,4,5,6,7,8 should be present in most CFS patients, as other pathogens also evade the immune system in this way. These pathogens manage to generate an acquired functional immunodeficiency through the expression deficit of class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Although some also manage to decrease the class I molecules of the MHC. In other subgroups of SFC for other pathogens it would be necessary to look for specific IgA against the pathogen that we want to see in the intestinal biopsies.
If you want to know more about this, I recommend reading this thread.
Greetings.
I've been sick and I haven't been able to participate much in the forum. I have added other tests that would help in the diagnosis of CFS, especially for the Epstein Barr virus infection subgroup.
1. Activated T lymphocytes (CD3+, HLA-DR+), (CD4+, HLA-DR+): A low level of activated T lymphocytes indirectly indicates a decrease in the antigenic presentation of HLA-II. This decrease in CD4+ HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes can be seen in other EBV-associated diseases, for example in children with EBV-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This is caused by the latent proteins of this virus in antigen-presenting cells.
2. Molecular typing of the HLA system: to verify the existence of certain HLA alleles predisposed to develop EBV-associated diseases. For example: HLA-DR15 and HLA-DQ6 predispose to develop multiple sclerosis but together with more factors. Depending on the type of HLA, it will indicate a greater or lesser genetic susceptibility to having difficulties in controlling this infection. HLA-DR would be the most interesting type of HLA in this case, because DR is a molecular type of class II MHC.
3. IgG antibodies against nuclear antigen (IgG anti-EBNA): these antibodies against this latent protein must be elevated due to a chronic latent infection, as in multiple sclerosis.
4. Increased CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T reg lymphocytes in infected mucosa and blood.
5. Increase of T reg lymphocytes CD4+ CD25+ CCR7- These are the ones that remain in the tissues, and due to the infection an increase takes place.
6. Decrease of T reg lymphocytes CD4+ CD25+ CCR7+. These are the ones that recirculate through the lymph nodes. The infection decreases the expression of CCR7+.
7. Decrease in C3 and/or C4 levels occurs in infections. If C4a is elevated it indicates chronic inflammation.
8. Elevation of TGF-B and Il-10 by increased T reg.
9. Elevation of specific IgA against Epstein Barr in intestinal mucosa. Especially in the biopsies of terminal ileum, since it is in the small intestine where they are secreted. The most effective neutralizing antibodies against viruses that infect the host through the mucous membranes are usually of the igA isotype, since they block the virus in the mucous membrane itself, preventing it from accessing its target cell.
Tests 1,2,4,5,6,7,8 should be present in most CFS patients, as other pathogens also evade the immune system in this way. These pathogens manage to generate an acquired functional immunodeficiency through the expression deficit of class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Although some also manage to decrease the class I molecules of the MHC. In other subgroups of SFC for other pathogens it would be necessary to look for specific IgA against the pathogen that we want to see in the intestinal biopsies.
If you want to know more about this, I recommend reading this thread.
Greetings.
at the moment but when I am more 
