Link: Glutathione Depleted by Chronic Illnesses

pamojja

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Paywalled info : that seem like a huge issue given AI can't access it legally.

Well, it seems clever enough to protect itself.
  • ALA, Whey, Oral GSH
    • Widely cited in the literature (see: Busse et al., 1992; Lands et al., 1999; Richie et al., 2015), but not directly in your current search results.

Even some scientist use Sci-hub, if they don't have access to a non-subscribed journal.

Also, the 'place-holder' made up PubMed links are actually a clever way to save on electricity, for such a free-ride user, as me. As probably most. Clearly my fault if I let myself be fooled.

And I hope such incidences will make every one more critical of AI articles, without checking the key sources of important statements.

Could be theory, could be in test-tube unrealistic to the human body milieu, could be in specific animals (where each species might differ), could be observational, too short term RCT or Meta analysis (cherry-picking, what is included). Without discernment, one is bound to be fooled. And thereby others too.
 

pamojja

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diet change, etc. Along with 25 g ascorbic acid. 5 g of glycine, 700 mg of NAC, 400 mg of ALA, and 300 mcg selenium in average daily, now for 16 years.

By the way diet changes never seem to have been quantified for percentage increase of GSH, here they are (and I'm sure perplexity forgot to mention some, for saving electricity):

  • Brassica & Allium Vegetables:
    Cruciferous (broccoli, kale, cauliflower, etc.) and allium (garlic, onions) vegetables are sulfur-rich and shown to increase GSH in humans and animals, though most human studies do not report a specific percentage.
    1 Healthline, 2 PMC6770193
  • Fruit & Vegetable Juices:
    Regular intake (300–400 mL/day) supports GSH status; specific % increases not reported in humans.
    2 PMC6770193
  • Mushrooms:
    Certain mushrooms are among the highest dietary sources of GSH; human data on percentage increase are limited but intake is associated with higher tissue GSH.
    6 Medical News Today
  • Milk Thistle (Silymarin):
    Shown to increase GSH and prevent its depletion in both animal and some human studies; % increase not specified.
    1 Healthline, 2 PMC6770193
  • Curcumin (Turmeric Extract):
    1–2 g/day of extract increases GSH in animal and some human studies; % increase not specified.
    1 Healthline, 2 PMC6770193

  • Brassica and allium vegetables, fruit/vegetable juices, mushrooms, milk thistle, and curcumin have human and/or animal evidence for increasing GSH, but most studies do not specify the percentage increase in humans.

References​

  1. Healthline: "How to Increase Glutathione Levels" (citing clinical trial data for vitamin C and dietary sources) 1
  2. PMC6770193: "A Review of Dietary (Phyto)Nutrients for Glutathione Support" (comprehensive review with human and animal data) 2
  3. Dialnet: "Glutathione: the master antioxidant" (summarizing oral GSH supplementation studies) 5
  4. Medical News Today: "How to increase glutathione levels: 4 natural ways" (summarizing dietary sources and human data) 6

If you need more specific data for a particular food or want only interventions with quantified human % increases, please specify.
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  1. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-increase-glutathione
  2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6770193/
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36839303/
  4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623026639
  5. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/9051454.pdf
  6. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326196
  7. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/944
  8. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/5/1094
 

pamojja

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diet change, etc.

First, for years, I tried hard to get as much as possible from regular meals. Brassica and Allium veggies, other fruit and veggies. Mushrooms too. Which I all actually enjoy eating. But many other things too (eggs, fish, offal, cheese, nuts, overwhelmingly many varying veggies and fruits, kimchi, natto, curd, legumes... on and on), with simply not enough space in my belly for even a fraction, of it all.

Therefore, I increased to supplemental extracts, wherever possible. My other dietary intake through the years still decreased, though. Must have something to do with nutrient density. Unintentional CRON (calorie restriction with optimal nutrition), in the end?

1.4 g of various allium extracts, 1 g extracts of berries, 1 g of Triphala fruits extracts
triphala.jpg , curcumin and pomegranate at 0.9 g each, tea. pomegranate, brassicas and mushrooms at 0.8 g each, olives at 0.7 g, and finally milk thistle at 0.4 g only (rounded averages, all as extracts), to name well dosed and known.

1g of myrrh , 0.7 g of guduchi, 0.6 g of ashwagandha, 0.5 g of arjuna, brahmi and boswellia extract each, are probably lesser known outside of Ayurveda. Which works - just as my body operates - through synergy of all co-factors. Rather than the naturally lesser strength of one remedy alone. Beside too many others, cumin extract at 15 mg too, for example.

Interestingly, I lost taste for dietary garlic and berries by such supplementation after some years. And can therefore enjoy more of those, without extracts available. Onions and dark chocolate, for example. Most plant extracts had pretty constant intake. However, garlic extract intake fluctuated most. With the highest regular garlic extract correlated to the PAD remission, and highest aged garlic extract correlated to the PEM remission. Which more likely might just be a coincidence, considering the multitude of synergistic effects of such varied nutrient-dense diet and supplementation.
 
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Wishful

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That reminds me: I did notice one claim that dealcoholized beer increased glutathione by 27%. However, any claim that is precise to a single digit is suspicious. One test on one person?
 

linusbert

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That reminds me: I did notice one claim that dealcoholized beer increased glutathione by 27%. However, any claim that is precise to a single digit is suspicious. One test on one person?

ai said it like this:​

The 27% increase in glutathione levels is often cited from a 2009 study:
Scherr, J., et al. (2009). "Beer consumption and exercise." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(3), 534-539.

However, the specific data point about glutathione is more likely derived from a follow-up or related study:
Scherr, J., et al. (2012). "Effect of non-alcoholic beer on markers of inflammation and incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in marathon runners." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(1), 18-26.

more specific explanation:
In that study, marathon runners who consumed 1–1.5 L of non-alcoholic beer daily for 3 weeks before and 2 weeks after a marathon had:


  • Lower markers of inflammation (e.g., IL-6),
  • A reduced incidence of post-race respiratory infections,
  • And an increase in plasma glutathione levels.

The exact value "27%" is likely a mean increase reported in the intervention group compared to control, based on the measured plasma glutathione. But:


  • The study had a limited sample size (approximately 150 participants in total, divided into groups),
  • There is variability across individuals,
  • The result is context-dependent (i.e., high oxidative stress due to endurance exercise).

Evaluation:​


  • Precision: Reporting an exact "27%" increase can be misleading without confidence intervals or standard deviations. In scientific contexts, such precision suggests either a simplified or cherry-picked presentation.
  • Generality: The effect was studied in a specific population (trained endurance athletes) under specific stress conditions (marathon running). It does not generalize to sedentary or non-athletic individuals.
  • Reproducibility: As with most nutrition-related studies, independent replication is essential, and as of now, such replication is limited.


fun fact, i did read yesterday in the Bible that Apostle Paul recommends his son in faith Timothy to not only drink water but also a little wine because he seams to be often sick.
from 1. Letter to Timothy
 

pamojja

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Apostle Paul recommends his son in faith Timothy to not only drink water but also a little wine because he seams to be often sick.

I tried to find a scientific reference for Patrick's claim, that B-vitamins do protect from moderate alcohol use.

Tip on HDL : eating fats increase your HDL and to a lesser extent and be careful with this is ingestion of alcohol. The HDL bump from alcohol is on a U-shaped curve so a rule of thumb is a couple of “shots” is ok per day as long as you have sufficient “B” vitamins. Try to get your HDL level to match your D level. So, how much “B” vitamins to take? Assuming you don’t have a Folate metabolism issue, like the author, it is suggested as a good starting point about 4 Multi-B’s per day, known as “B-150’s”.

After all, he survived for decades an initial extremely high CAC score, otherwise a sure early death sentence. While has a boatload of otherwise unknown cited science on his site. But in this case, his reasoning is based purely on conjecture.

So I asked perplexity.ai (really saves its electricity use on me now, had to repeat my question multiple times, till it included all of them), The protective effects of high dose B-vitamins simply has never been tested in moderate alcohol use. But..

Alcohol’s Impact on B Vitamins, Choline, and Inositol

NutrientEffect of Alcohol UseKey References
B1 (Thiamine)Impaired absorption, decreased storage, increased requirement; deficiency can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and neuropathy.563
B2 (Riboflavin)Decreased absorption/utilization; deficiency may contribute to mucosal and skin issues.356
B3 (Niacin)Impaired absorption and metabolism; deficiency can lead to pellagra-like symptoms.356
B5 (Pantothenic Acid)Impaired absorption/utilization; deficiency can worsen hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction.356
B6 (Pyridoxine)Lowered plasma and hepatic levels due to increased degradation and impaired synthesis; deficiency affects metabolism and nervous system.23567
B7 (Biotin)Impaired absorption and increased excretion; clinical deficiency rare but possible with chronic use.356
B9 (Folate)Decreased absorption, increased excretion, impaired hepatic storage; deficiency leads to anemia and elevated homocysteine.135678
B12 (Cobalamin)Impaired absorption (gastric mucosa damage), reduced hepatic storage, deficiency-related anemia and neuropathy.1345678
CholineIncreased requirement, impaired metabolism, and higher deficiency risk; deficiency leads to fatty liver and worsens alcohol-related liver disease.[General scientific knowledge]3
InositolImpaired absorption and utilization; deficiency contributes to fatty liver and worsens metabolic dysfunction.[General scientific knowledge]3
  • 1 Alcohol reduces B12 and folate, raises homocysteine in healthy males (QJM, 2008)
  • 2 Ethanol lowers vitamin B6 levels and impairs hepatic metabolism (J Clin Invest, 1975)
  • 3 Review: Vitamin B deficiencies and alcohol, including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, choline, inositol (Nutrients, 2022)
  • 4 Vitamin B12 administration prevents ethanol-induced cognitive impairment (Behav Brain Res, 2022)
  • 5 Alcohol inhibits absorption and usage of thiamin (B1), B6, B12, folate (UCSD Student Health)
  • 6 B vitamin deficiencies are common in chronic alcohol drinkers (Br J Gen Pract, 2017)
  • 7 B6, B9, B12 involved in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ScienceDirect, 2017)
  • 8 B-vitamin dependent hepatic methionine metabolism in alcoholic liver disease (Clin Chem Lab Med, 2012)

Conclusion:
Alcohol negatively affects the absorption, metabolism, and/or storage of all B vitamins, as well as choline and inositol. Deficiencies in these nutrients are common in chronic alcohol users and contribute to a range of neurological, hematological, and hepatic complications.
  1. https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-abstract/101/11/881/1564916
  2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC301849/
  3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8945215/
  4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166432822004247
  5. https://studenthealth.ucsd.edu/resources/health-topics/alcohol-drugs/nutrition-endurance.html
  6. https://bjgp.org/content/67/656/134
  7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128007730000082
  8. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm-2012-0308/html?lang=de

Years ago I tried a bid of wine deluded with much water against my PAD. Instantly raised liver-enzymes, already not in the optimal range due to a former NAFLD. Guess it's time to try again, now where all my Bs have been optimized in intake for years.
 

pamojja

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coincidentally i started eating a lot of broccoli recently, like almost daily
Initially my favorite, too. But preparing one flower, I then ended up eating broccoli for 3 days (for having something more than broccoli alone). Now I mostly use small portions of various Brassicas pickled daily.
 
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