However, we do know that there is absolutely no high-quality evidence base for treating the most severe form of M.E.
Not only that, but there's no high-quality evidence base for treating any form of ME with CBT/GET/GAT. Or, if there is, I've missed the research and would appreciate AfME highlighting it for me.
The FINE trial demonstrated that CBT/GET-based therapies fail to benefit severely affected patients. Not only did the tested therapy ("pragmatic rehabilitation") fail to benefit the patients, but the CBT/GET-based therapy created an unfortunate and untherapeutic scenario in which therapists and patients were fighting against each other rather than working collaboratively; The therapists became so frustrated with the patients' refusal to engage with the therapy (because it was so utterly inappropriate) that the therapists began to view the patients as adversaries. The published official review of the FINE trial contained the notorious quote, indicating the attitude of the therapists towards the patients: "...the bastards don't want to get better." This unfortunate scenario was clearly caused by the inappropriate therapy, and the training, rather than the therapists being intrinsically ignorant people.
This is this sort of untherapeutic, and harmful, situation that people on this forum are all to familiar with, and simply want to avoid. Severely affected patients are very vulnerable, and should not be subjected to therapist's false illness-beliefs, and false expectations, based on a profound misunderstanding of the illness.
The PACE trial demonstrated that no more than 15% of (a broad selection of ill-defined chronic fatigue) patients responded to treatment with CBT or GET, in a study that was non-blinded and failed to take account of response bias and placebo effect. Thus, even the official published 11-15% response rates are questionable for so many reasons. Considering that recruitment for the PACE trial failed to use the Fukuda or NICE criteria, and therefore failed to recruit a representative or well-defined cohort of CFS patients, then a 15% response rate doesn't tell us anything, even if we take that figure at face value. It should also be noted that CBT/GET failed to lead to clinically useful improvements in objectively measured physical disability. CBT and GET also failed to make a difference to all other objective measures, such as employment.
In a
large review of England's NHS treatment clinics, CBT and GET failed to improve physical function in CFS patients. (The effect size for improving fatigue scores was similar to the PACE trial.) The control group was clinics that offer graded activity. If overall outcomes were worse than the PACE trial, then this suggests that the marginal effects seen in the PACE trial are even worse in NHS clinics. It also indicates that ME patients experience absolutely no additional improvements in disability after treatment with CBT/GET in real-world settings. So much for CBT/GET being rehabilitative treatments.
As surveys by charities including Action for M.E. and the ME Association acknowledge, CBT, GET and GAT have benefit for some people with M.E. while others experience negative effects as a result. Further investigation is needed to find why it may benefit some people and not others.
I'm deeply concerned that AfME seems to be advocating CBT and GET as beneficial therapies for ME, and also advocating further investigations into these therapies.
The best evidence that we have is from the FINE and PACE trials, and the national outcomes database study of NHS clinics in England. These simply indicate that the benefit from CBT/GET is marginal, at best, and non-existent in terms of objectively measured outcomes, such as physical disability, employment, and welfare benefit claims. Obviously, the FINE trial was a complete failure, which is always ignored by CBT/GET proponents. And the national outcomes database study demonstrated a lack of efficacy in terms of improving physical function.
If the PACE trial benefited no patients, on objective measures, why investigate the therapies further? If the PACE trial indicated that no more than 15% of patients benefit (with all the weaknesses of the trial described above) then why investigate further? If the national-outcomes-database study indicated that the function of CFS patients does not improve in NHS settings, after treatment with CBT/GET, then why investigate them further? If the FINE trial demonstrated that CBT/GET are ineffective, then why investigate them further?
I wonder what type of CBT AfME is advocating for ME patients? Is it the type that supposes it can 'treat' and 'reverse' the illness (i.e. that supposes that ME patients are ill because of a maladaptive personality disorder), or is it the type that helps any patient with chronic illness to cope and adjust to the situation? If it's the latter, what does AfME do to distinguish the two, when discussing the therapies with patients and authorities?
And how does AfME interpret the supposed therapeutic actions of GET? Does AfME agree with the proponents of GET that CFS/ME is caused and perpetuated by maladaptive avoidant behaviour and deconditioning? And what is AfME's opinion regarding such therapy accidentally being prescribed to an ME patient with acute symptoms for which additional exertion is not appropriate, but could be dangerous? (When I experience a sudden-onset flare up, the sudden increase in symptoms - e.g. join pain, exhaustion, brain fog, etc. - clearly have not come about because of a
sudden episode of deconditioning, and I know - from bitter experience - that I need to stop, rest, and then slowly pace myself after an acute flare-up. Stopping and resting are vital components of my symptom-management, and pushing beyond my safe boundaries is dangerous for me. So I find the potential for the inappropriate use of GET to be extremely concerning. Also, the very nature of the therapy, and the philosophy behind it, sets up a potentially harmful adversarial scenario between therapies and patient, as demonstrated in the FINE trial, whereby the therapists have a total lack of insight into the illness and the needs of the patients.)