Boule de feu
Senior Member
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- Ottawa, Canada
I am reading the Polio Paradox right now (I recommend this book!) , and I can see how genetic predispositions could play a role in the CFS propagation.
I am reading the Polio Paradox right now (I recommend this book!) , and I can see how genetic predispositions could play a role in the CFS propagation.
Hey no fair. I didn't get the t-shirt(s)!
Don't worry, plenty to go round!
Hey, Otis, what's your new avatar? I thought it was some sort of data representation but now I've put my other glasses on I am wondering if it is some sort of avant garde teatowel! :Retro smile:
Possible Contamination
Contamination of patient samples by mouse DNA could also play a role in positive results, some researchers said. Mouse cells contain hundreds of DNA sequences that are similar but not identical to XMRV. Contamination is a particular concern because todays genetic tools are capable of detecting trace amounts of DNA or RNA from mouse viruses or tissues in patient samples.
To make this point, Dr. Coffin showed a picture of his swimming pool and proposed a thought experiment. He said that if a single drop of mouse blood were added to the pool and allowed to mix well, DNA from virus-related sequences in the mouse cells could be detected in a 1 mL sample of water (20 drops) with the tools commonly used to search for XMRV. Thats how sensitive the tools are today, he said.
Dr. Ila Singh of the University of Utah agreed that contamination from mice can occur very easily in the lab and urged researchers to be ultra careful. Her group recently reported that XMRV was present in malignant prostate cells and was more commonly found in men with aggressive tumors.
The discrepancies may come down to the tests, or assays, being used, as well as the storage and processing of samples, said Dr. Stuart LeGrice of NCI-Frederick, one of the organizers. With this meeting, the groundwork has been laid for focusing on the role of contamination and whether handling and processing play a role in results.
Some participants also called for creating reference samples that researchers could use to evaluate how well tools detect XMRV. This could include positive samples from patients as well as appropriate negative controls. As one participant said, the field urgently needs a protocol that would give researchers concordant resultsregardless of whether those results are positive or negative.
I suspect that until we have the technological details sorted out we wont be able to address the more interesting ideas about whether the virus is involved in human disease, said Dr. Jonathan Stoye of the National Institute for Medical Research, UK, another member of the organizing committee.
Actually you were right the first time - it's data. It's (an illegible) output of a computer program called BLAST, which is used to compare pieces of genetic material. In this case two of the WPI XMRV sequences. I'm letting my geek flag fly. I find it pretty cool that this program and it's massive database are available to anybody. For once our tax dollars seem to actually be at work. Now we just need to get more money to sequence XMRV/HGRVs.
Maybe I'll get a t-shirt with the XMRV genetic sequence on it...
I found this here: http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/Animal_alternatives/vaccines.htm
Quality Control
In vaccine production, mice are used most extensively for quality control. Vaccine formulations include constituents such as living tissues, viruses and bacteria. Thus, since all vaccine batches are not the same, their content and effects must be tested regularly at selected stages of production to monitor safety, as required by federal regulations.
It was really discovered in a kind of funny way, because mice that we work with dont have the appropriate receptor for this virus, so they arent actually capable of sustaining an infection. So the only source of this virus is this integrative copy thats been in the genome for a very long time.
And the way it was discovered was in the 70s when people started passing human cell lines through mice, human cells have the receptor most mammals do and when the human cells were passed through the mice and then recovered out of the mice, they almost invariably acquired this virus. The mice had low levels, they passed it to the human cells the human cells were very able to be infected. And so when human cells were studied after theyd been through a mouse, lo and behold! They had this very interesting virus which people assumed was a human virus in the early days, but were misled it was a mouse virus. And people have studied it at a low level, basically since the 70s, not worrying very much about it at the time, but
Although xenotropic viruses will not infect cells of inbred strains of mice, they will infect cells derived from some wild mice and species of mice other than M. Musculus (Hartley and Rowe 1975; Lander and Chadopadhyay 1984).
Little's innovation was the "inbred strain." ... Before inbred strains, scientists couldn't say for certain whether their results were because of the genetic quirks of a particular mouse or the experiments.
Thanks for mentioning this book, Boule - I'd never heard of it and it looks fascinating. Here it is on US Amazon. It's one of those ones that you can look inside and see the contents & an extract.
There's a rather touching bit at the end, directed at friends & family of people with PPS (who find themselves having to limit their activities years after apparently having recovered from polio). It explains that it will be very upsetting for the person with PPS to have to start to wear a leg brace again or use a cane or ask for help, having spent their lives trying to appear normal and not disabled. I'm sure we've all been there and got that particular t-shirt!
The new #100 TWiV is up, and the guest is David Baltimore, Nobel prize winner "for ... discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell." I haven't listened yet; the topic seems to be general chit-chat but they may mention XMRV/MLVs at some point.