kushami

Senior Member
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574
What looks to be a decent review article about measuring cerebral blood flow in orthostatic intolerance syndromes and in conditions that often come with OI.

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.036752

I haven’t had a chance to read it all yet, but the sections I perused seemed good. (Of course, it is my pet topic!)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is vital for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Many forms of orthostatic intolerance (OI) involve impaired regulation of CBF in the upright posture, which results in disabling symptoms that decrease quality of life. Because CBF is not easy to measure, rises in heart rate or drops in blood pressure are used as proxies for abnormal CBF. These result in diagnoses such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and orthostatic hypotension. However, in many other OI syndromes such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and long COVID, heart rate and blood pressure are frequently normal despite significant drops in CBF. This often leads to the incorrect conclusion that there is nothing hemodynamically abnormal in these patients and thus no explanation or treatment is needed. There is a need to measure CBF, as orthostatic hypoperfusion is the shared pathophysiology for all forms of OI. In this review, we examine the literature studying CBF dysfunction in various syndromes with OI and evaluate methods of measuring CBF including transcranial Doppler ultrasound, extracranial cerebral blood flow ultrasound, near infrared spectroscopy, and wearable devices.

I did notice that mast cell problems and Sjögren’s syndrome do not get a mention. Would have liked to have seen them in there, even if not covered in any detail.
 
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kushami

Senior Member
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574
How can I get my cerebral blood flow measured?
At the moment, there are about ten places in the Western world that do Doppler ultrasound scans in conjunction with autonomic testing. There may be more autonomic labs in Japan, China and South Korea that do it as well – they certainly use it for research.

If anyone is interested, I can make a list of the ones I know of. You would usually need to become a patient of the autonomic centre or specialist in order to have the testing. Perhaps of you are a patient pf another specialist in the same organisation, they can request it – I don’t know, But it’s not something that any doctor can order, like an x-ray.


Why would I want to get it measured?
To prove illness or disability
To access autonomic treatment
To have a piece of paper showing something serious is wrong


Would it be expensive (US)?
Possibly. It would be part of being seen by the autonomic specialist/centre for testing and diagnosis.


Can I get it done privately (other countries)?
As far as I know, no. There are autonomic specialists who see patients privately in the UK and Australia, for instance, but I don’t think any of them offer Doppler ultrasound testing.


Is a regular Doppler ultrasound scan any use?
I am not sure, as it is done seated or supine. However, you could certainly give it a try if it is covered and your doctor is willing. It might still show reduced blood flow because blood flow doesn’t immediately return to normal straight after we sit or lie down. However, it might not be as dramatic a difference. Your doctor might be able to negotiate for the testing unit staff to scan you during a NASA Lean Test.


How about NIRS?
I don’t think anyone is using it for this purpose yet except in research settings.


How about the in-ear pulse‐wave analysis?
Only available as a health wearable for US residents so far. Lumia Health, the manufacturer, is working on a medical version that can be used for diagnosis and monitoring, but it won’t be available for a few years. I imagine doctors will purchase a system and then lend out earpieces in a similar way to Holter monitors. They could also use it during appointments to take on-the-spot readings as they would do for blood pressure.


Do I need this if already diagnosed with orthostatic intolerance?
No. A diagnosis of orthostatic intolerance means you have low blood flow to the brain.


Do I need this to be diagnosed with orthostatic intolerance?
Only if you have one of the types that doesn’t affect blood pressure and heart rate. And even then, a good autonomic specialist can make the diagnosis without measuring your cerebral blood flow.
 
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