Hi Rich,
Rich said:
freddd has reported that in his case, he found glutathione or its precursors to be deleterious. He has also reported information suggesting that he has inherited a mutation or inborn error of metabolism in his B12 processing enzymes. I suggest that based on his experience with glutathione, this mutation must be located in an enzyme that is involved in a step beyond the use of glutathione to remove the methyl group from cobalamin. Apparently, his cells are not able to replace the methyl group on cobalamin after it has been removed, or to add an adenosyl group to cobalamin. Thus, he has found that the only way his cells can get enough methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin is to supply these active, coenzyme forms directly as supplements, taken in large dosages. This is what might be referred to in the physical sciences as a "brute force" approach. I can understand that it is the only thing that works in a case like his, and I'm glad that he discovered it.
I do agree with most eveything in this paragraph in general. However, I disagree with calling it a brute force approach. I consider it to be a particularly elegant approach. I'm a systems analyst in the healthcare field and have been for about 30 years now. I'm also a philosopher though not professionally. This approach is as a result of solving a serious problem via massive reading of the literature, not via throwing enough mud on the way and see what sticks. I was misdiagnosed and mistreated by approximately 100 practioners of many varieties through the decades. The question that came to my mind was WHY. I dissected the reasoning of the many practitioners by the results of what they said and did. I looked for "practice patterns". This is something I did for years in my consulting and software business, analyzed practice patterns for all sorts of reasons from fraud detection to finding the best docs for second opinions and the ones with the worst outcomes to ellminate from a PPO. When one doc misdiagnoses and mistreats a condition that is not unusual, that can happen for all sorts of reasons. When 100 docs from many disiplines, specialties, areas of practice and the like all do it there is something more fundamental going on. I spent 10 years intensively seeking diagnosis and treatment. My "traveling collection" as I called my collection of reports, lab results, MRIs, etc was several inches thick. After 10 years I knew no more than I had learned with the very first one, that the docs actually had no idea what was going on or how to treat it and some of them reached back to 19th century psychiatry, 60 years before b12 was discovered, to justify their diagnosis and treatment. That itselof was a clue.
Deriving that more fundamental thing is one way of solving a problem. I did not assume that they were all "bad" docs. I did my best to select the best availble when possible. What I found out from my reading was that there are certain assumptions underlying their 100% failure rate. Those assumptions are in the literature and textbooks. I was given stacks of old textbooks by various docs, photocopies of journal articles. I spent weeks at the public library and medical school library and later on line. I came up with all the assumptions, some of which Rich describes about how things are "supposed" to work. I say supposed to because the cumulative failure rate is high, much higher than I think Rich has any idea.
If one reads many articles clear pattrerns emerge. One of those patterns is that 1/3 or so of people in these various studies fail to respond to inactive cobalamins for one reason or another. Sure, perhaps only some fraction of 1% of those are due to genetic causes such as I appear to have so that is not the high sensitivity factor, in fact it hardly figures in at all. In adults doctors almost NEVER recognize it. However that does not eliminate the well demonstrated failure of the inactive cobalamins to do the jobs of active b12. Cumulatively then when one has one assumption stacked upon another stacked upon another perhaps 10 deep there is plenty of room for an accumulated failure rate of 33%. If my software had that kind of failure rate nobody would have used it.
I set out to determine what I would have to do to elliminate all those assumptions. The first time I attempted this was in the late 70s and there was no solution possilbe. None of the real b12s or folates were available to test my hypothesis. I did the best I could with dessicated liver, 100 tablets a day, and had a very slight hint of confimation. When I approached it again, with the failure of many docs as data, and had the internet available, databases and other such tools, and 20 years experience in consulting, analysis and design to help organize and analyze the data, I came up with the same answer and understood it much better.
I set out to design a program that got around 100% of the traditional assumptions and depended upon only one assumption, diffusion. The Japanese research on methylb12 indicated that would be a sure bet. They had demonstrated it over and over by that time even though that wasn't the goal of their research. I make my own interpretations of the research. When the researchers are focused on the cellular structure of the leaves they can't see the tree much less the forest. In all this I also came up with the folic acid problem though that had to wait for a solution until methylfolate became available.
However, I want to emphasize that this biochemical behavior is unusual, and it is not likely to be the case in most people who have CFS, because the mutations that can cause this are rare in the human population.
Yes, my mutations are rare, they probably account for less than 1% of the 33% failure rate of inactive cobalamins in study after study.
Many people with CFS have reported that they have found glutathione to be beneficial to them.
I offer you a clue on this. In doing reading on this whole "over/under" methylation situation I came upon several statements that some people appeared to benefit from a folate antagonist. As the glutathione (precursors) acted strongly as a folate antagonist perhaps that is one way such apparant benefit comes about.
There are also some who have not reacted well to it. It isn't clear that this is because of interference with B12 utilization, as in freddd's case, however.
Again, in reading I found a multitude of people who reacted poorly to it. In every case of "glutathione detox reaction" the people appeared to be sufferring from a hard folate deficiency primarily that once started continued indefinitely even when discontinuing the glutathione (precursors) and even if taking folic acid or 800mcg doses of methylfolate. Any b12 problems in them and in myself appeared secondary to the folate deficiency. A few people decided to test this hypothesis at my suggestion and they found that they could indeed stop the "glutathione detox reaction" in a few days starting within hours with 4800mcg of Metafolin and then normal sublingual doses of both active b12s in 5 star brands. Not one of them who tested the hypothesis failed to respond to Metafolin & active b12s to my knowledge. Active b12s alone were NOT effective.
It may result from utilization of glutathione by yeasts in the gut, mobilization of toxins into the blood by improved operation of the detox system, stimulation of the immune system, producing a Herxheimer effect, or breakdown of some of the glutathione to form sulfite, which is more than the sulfite oxidase enzyme can handle. I don't think we know which of these mechanisms could be involved in a given case.
These may certainly have a play in it but the induced folate deficiency might be at the root of it.
In order for freddd's approach to work, it must be true that by putting large concentrations of the coenzyme forms of B12 into the blood, enough of each of them diffuses into the cells and survives removal of their ligands to give the cells enough methyl B12 and adenosyl B12 directly to satisfy their needs for them. As far as I know, this is not described in the current research literature.
I haven't been able to find anything direct on this either. However, most all of the in vitro cell culture work with various b12s just add the b12 to the medium and voila! it is absorbed into the cells. And again the Japanese high dose mb12 research implies it. It is a very visible hole in the reasearch. When my associates and I would come across a hole like this in the data we described it as " a hole big enough to drive a loaded Brinks truck through". It is a money shot all the way. Consider "The Dog that Didn't Bark". It is in this hole that most of the answers to the mysteries of active b12s are situated. It is the area that has most studiously been avoided by the work being done mostly on inactive cobalamins or based on assumptions growing out of inactive cobalamin research. It is an excellent example of corrupted thinking growing out of inactive b12 research.
I suggest that the reason it did not work for nearly a third of them is not that hydroxocobalamin is not effective for them, but that they have had other issues that have prevented the methylation cycle function from being restored, such as depletion of vitamin and mineral cofactors for this part of the metabolism (such as zinc, magnesium, or other B-vitamins) or depletion of amino acids, including methionine, or high body burdens of toxic metals that block the enzymes in this part of the biochemistry.
I suggest that your assumptions here are partially correct. Inactive b12s don't work for 1/3 of people. However, both active b12s with methylfolate brings that up to about 95% (estimate) effective. The other 5% respond following the introduction of various cofactors. However, almost all respond better with more consistancy with the necessary cofactors. The problem is that even for the 2/3 who have some degree of response to hydoxyb12 it is a weak and partial response at best. It leaves the majority of active b12 responsive symptoms untouched with some considerably worsened. People who responded to hydroxyb12 at all will even a year or two or three later have even more response to both active b12s. Hydroxyb12 never produces sufficiency in either active b12 much less both. A large percentage of people right here who have tried both find that they have separate responses to both mb12 and adb12 at a rate far far higher than could possibly be suggested by presumably rare genetics like mine.
I want to reiterate that according to the literature, mutations in the intracellular B12 processing enzymes are rare. The most recent paper I've found reports that only about 400 people have been identified worldwide as having these mutations.
I've never been identified, neither have my children. There are lot's like me with some sort of problem that have never been identified. You need to read the early cyanob12 research showing why they considered the effects such as we routinely see here in response to active b12s as "placebo" effect. That is another takeoff point for clues into what is going wrong. I'll tell you one place it leads, to the blocked/depleted methylator. The people would respond a few times to cb12 injections and then cease repsonding. That was normal therefore the "placebo" effect designation. What is the mechanism? So again, one approach I took was "what was required to reliably produce such "placebo" effects. I looked in another data hole. All possibilites exist in the void.
Look at it this way. The active b12 protocol, which I did not develop, but merely took from many places and refined it to remove many uncertainties, works well enough that I could walk into an insurance plan and tell them who to extract from the database based on symtoms and medication profiles and guarantee x results in one year followed by significant pharmacy, disability and medical savings. What I need is a controled study to "prove" it.
The refinements I made to remove uncertainties were practical things, like brands and cofactor groupings, with food or without food. My object was to come up with something that worked to the greatest extent for the maximum percentage of symptoms in the most people possible. I wanted something you could bet the bank on. I wanted something that worked for the worst afflicted with the highest costs, like me.
Any "solution" that didn't include me and my children, that is willing to write us off and watch us die according to protocol is no solution that I find acceptable. That comes down to "solve the problem for the worst 1% and the problem is solved". Solving it for the easiest 1% isn't a solution. Of course there is overkill. You get more ducks with a shotgun than a BB gun, and they don't even have to be lined up in a row. The active b12 protocol works pretty well for most people for whom it is suited in a year with some years of rehabilitation and fine tuning after that. Inactive b12 and trying to pick off each thing that crops up, layer upon layer, with a BB gun can take the rest of a persons life to work that well.
When cyanob12 cost $50 for a 1mg injection ($250 in todays dollars) of course one looks for the minimum resource path. When sublingual methylb12/adb12 cost $0.05 per mg that is penny wise and pound foolish. A reduction of 99.98% in cost should cause a reevaluation of therapies.
Rich, come over to
http://forums.wrongdiagnosis.com/showthread.php?p=219396#post219396 and talk to people there. Ask questions of people who have been doing these things for years. There are certainly those with comorbidities that have had some symptomatic relief but are not healed. On the other hand there are an awful lot that stop in to say hi who are not around much becasue they are back at work or whatever. One posted today said
"I've been absent from the forum for a while because, REJOICE, I have been feeling excellently well and been able to be mad busy."