Table 1. Recently published claimed health benefits of probiotic microorganisms.
Genus Species Recently published health claims with references (strain specific date is noted where available) LactobacillusL. rhamnosusReduction of viral-associated pulmonary damage (L. rhamnosus CRL1505) [
37]; prevention and reduction of severity of atopic dermatitis in children (L. rhamnosus GG) [
108]; reduction of risk for developing allergic disease (L. rhamnosus GG) [
109], (L. rhamnosus HN001 [
110]; anti-diabetic potential (various strains from human infant faecal samples) [
111]; prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns (L. rhamnosus GG) [
112]; prevention or treatment of bacterial vaginosis (L. rhamnosus GR-1) [
113]; aid in weight loss of obese women (L. rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724) [
114]; treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children (L. rhamnosus GG) [
115]; reduction of risk for rhinovirus infections in preterm infants (L. rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103) [
116]; protection of human colonic muscle from lipopolysaccharide-induced damage (L. rhamnosus GG) [
117]L. acidophilusTreatment of travellers’ diarrhoea [
39]; reduction of hospital stay of children with acute diarrhoea [
118]; antifungal activity (L. acidophilus ATCC-4495) [
119]; prevention or treatment of bacterial vaginosis [
113]; treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea [
119]; reduction of incidence of febrile urinary tract infections in children [
120]; reduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
121].L. plantarumPrevention of endotoxin production [
35]; antifungal activity (L. plantarum NRRL B-4496) [
119] reduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
121].L. caseiTreatment of functional constipation in adults (L. casei Lcr35 and L. casei Shirota) [
43]; treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea [
122]; restoration of vaginal flora of patient with bacterial vaginosis (L. casei Lcr35) [
123]; reduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
121]; reduction of diarrhoea duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in geriatric patients (L. casei Shirota) [
124]; immunomodulatory mechanisms (L. casei Shirota) [
125]; improvement of rheumatoid arthritis status (L. casei 01) [
126]; protection against Salmonella infection (L. casei CRL-431) [
127]; prevention of Salmonella-induced synovitis [
128]; treatment of intravaginal staphylococcosis (L. casei IMV B-7280) [
129].L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricusAntibiotic resistance of yogurt starter culture [
130]; enhancement of systemic immunity in elderly (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481) [
131]; antibacterial action against E. coli [
132]; modulation of brain activity [
133].L. brevisProtective role in bile salt tolerance (L. brevis KB290) [
134]; reduction in plague acidogenicity (L. brevis CD2) [
135].L. johnsoniiImpact on adaptive immunity for protection against respiratory insults [
136]; reduction of occurrence of gastritis and risk of H. pylori infection (L. johnsonii MH-68) [
137]; inhibition of S. sonnei activity (L. johnsonii F0421) [
138]; treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in children together with levocetirizine (L. johnsonii EM1) [
139]. L. fermentumPrevention or treatment of bacterial vaginosis (L. fermentum RC-14) [
113]; blockage of adherence of pathogenic microorganisms on vaginal epithelium [
140]; antistaphylococcal action (L. fermentum ATCC 11739) [
141]; potential for reduction of insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia (L. fermentum NCIMB 5221) [
142].L. reuteriReduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (L. reuteri NCIMB 30242) [
71]; treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children [
115]; reduction of diarrhoea duration in children (L. reuteri ATCC 55730) [
143]; management of infant colic (L. reuteri ATCC 55730 and L. reuteri DSM 17938) [
144]; reduction of onset of gastrointestinal disorders in infants (L. reuteri DSM 17938) [
145]; reduction of frequency of proven sepsis, feeding intolerance and duration of hospital stay in preterm infants (L. reuteri DSM 17938) [
146].BifidobacteriumB. infantisReduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
122]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [
147,
148,
149].B. animalis subsp. lactisTreatment of functional constipation in adults (B. animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010) [
43]; reduction of incidence of febrile urinary tract infections in children [
121]; modulation of brain activity [
133]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [
147]; reduction of total microbial counts in dental plaque (B. animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010) [
150]; reduction of total cholesterol (B. animalis subsp. lactis MB 202/DSMZ 23733) [
151]; reduction of risk of upper respiratory illness (B. animalis subsp. lactis BI-04) [
152].B. bifidumReduction of hospital stay of children with acute diarrhoea [
118]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [
148,
149]; reduction of total cholesterol (B. bifidum MB 109/DSMZ 23731) [
151].B. longumPrevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns [
51]; reduction of radiation induced diarrhoea [
52]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis with Bifidobacteria cocktail (B. breve, B. infantis, B. bifidum, B. longum) [
149]; reduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
122]; treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (B. longum CMCC P0001) [
153]; perinatal intervention against onset of allergic sensitization (B. longum CCM 7952) [
154].B. brevePrevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns [
51]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis with Bifidobacteria cocktail (B. breve, B. infantis, B. bifidum, B. longum) [
149]; reduction of cholesterol (B. breve MB 113/DSMZ 23732) [
151].SaccharomycesS. boulardiTreatment of travellers’ diarrhoea [
39]; treatment and reduction of diarrhoea duration regardless of cause [
7,
33,
56,
57,
58]; treatment of irritable bowel syndrome [
59]; treatment of moderate ulcerative colitis [
60,
61]; treatment and reduction of recurrent pseudomembrane colitis infection caused by C. difficile [
62]; treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children [
115].LactococcusL. lactis subsp. lactisTreatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea [
33]; adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (L. lactis subsp. lactis KLDS4.0325) [
65]; nisin production (L. lactis subsp. lactis CV56) [
66]; modulation of brain activity [
133]; antimicrobial activity against C. difficile [
155]; antimicrobial and probiotic properties (L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454) [
156]. EnterococcusE. duransAntibiotic and antioxidant activity (E. durans LAB18s) [
70], adherence to colonic tissue and anti-inflammatory activity [
157].E. faeciumTreatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea [
34]; efficient animal probiotic [
73].StreptococcusS. thermophilusReduction of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms [
122]; antibiotic resistance of yogurt starter culture [
130]; reduction of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants [
147,
148].PediococcusP. acidilacticiPediocin production with antimicrobial and probiotic properties (P. acidilactici UL5) [
156]; bacteriocin production [
158]; elimination of H. pylori infections (P. acidilactici BA28) [
159].LeuconostocL. mesenteroidesLeucoin production, probiotic profile (survival at low pH, in presence of bile salts, in presence of pepsin) (L. mesenteroides B7) [
160].BacillusB. coagulansTreatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea [
34,
42], treatment of bacterial vaginosis (B. coagulans ATCC PTA-11748) [
161]; immunological support (B. coagulans GandenBC30) [
162]; prevention of caries in children [
163].B. subtilis Efficient animal probiotic [
74,
75]; treatment of diarrhoea and aiding in H. pylori eradication (B. subtilis R0179) [
76]; production of nitric oxide [
164].B. cereusEfficient animal probiotic (B. cereus NVH75/95) [
80].EscherichiaE. coli Nissle 1917Treatment of functional constipation in adults [
43]; treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [
83]; treatment of gastrointestinal disorders [
84]; pro-inflammatory potential [
165]; prevention of surface ocular diseases [
166]; reduction of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium intestinal colonization by iron competition [
167].