@Tammy, I will think about it. Feel free to send me a private message if I think about it too long ... I've probably forgotten in that case. I will give an answer a go, but I don't have any simple answers at hand.
I no longer do the kind of math necessary to explain this kind of thing. That part of my brain just doesn't work well. In any case you don't want esoteric math.
This is about what are often called homeostatic mechanisms in biological systems. Take temperature, a simple one. In a home thermostat you have a device that senses the temperature. When it gets too low it can kick in and start a heating device. When it gets too high it can kick in and start some AC or other cooling options.
Biological heat regulation is much more complicated. Its also not something I have investigated much, so I could be getting some of this wrong. It starts in the nerves. You have both heat and cold sensing nerves all over the outside of the body. I am sure you do on the inside too but I do not know where they all are.
The body, spinal ganglia and especially the brain interpret these signals, and induce lots of changes. It might make things unpleasant so you change behaviour. You might start to sweat or shiver. You might get hungry, or sleepy, or your metabolic rate can change.
These mechanisms act to bring you back to the ideal temperature your body thinks it likes. Peripheral neuropathy, or failures in temperature regulating mechanisms such as controlling peripheral blood flow, can damage these options.
Many mechanisms in the body work like this. If you have too much inflammation, driven by an inflammatory stimulus, then antiinflammatory mechanisms can begin. This can include migration of antiinflammatory immune cells to the area. They can help prevent damage from inflammation, and even start to heal it.
Biochemical systems also have feedback loops, although in a way a biological system is just a big gloop of biochemical systems. As one substance goes up too much, a signal goes back and lowers it. As it drops too low, a signal goes back and raises it. The problem is the biochemistry is thousands of such signals, all being constantly adjusted, all at the same time. Vitamins and minerals assist many of these processes. So if you alter the vitamin or mineral content of the tissue you can impact these processes.
I will try to find a simple explanation. Diagrams will help. If anyone knows of a good example maybe you could post it here.