I happened to be on this forum today - don't come here so often any more, prefer the other one.
This effect of folinic acid (actually it is a downstream metabolite which does the deed) happens only in combination with 5FU. With the normal substrate for the enzyme, dUMP, there is no inhibition.
5FU is deliberately being used to interfere with the action of the enzyme to reduce DNA synthesis and hence interfere with proliferation of cancer cells (of course it interferes with normal cells also). It binds to the enzyme just like dUMP but the modified structure means that it gets stuck there and gums up the enzyme.
The folinic metabolite is the natural one carbon donor for this reaction. Once it has bound to the enzyme it just enhances the binding of 5FU to the enzyme and gumming it up.
There should be no problem with taking folinic if it suits you.
It is a storage form of folate. The enzyme MTHFS converts it to 5,10 methenyl THF which feeds into the folate cycle and can be used in various ways, depending on what is required by the cell.
I have uploaded a diagram to illustrate the main pathways. Folinic is 5 formyl THF.
Note the diagram implies that vegetable folates are like DHF. This is not true. They are mainly methylfolate and to a lesser extent, folinic.