Researchers at the University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital have recently published a study indicating that treatment with celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat pain and arthritis, can improve the outcomes for HIV patients that have not been treated with any anti-retroviral drugs.
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To test the effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors in HIV patients, various markers of chronic immune activation were compared between treated and non-treated patients. The primary endpoint was the density of CD38, a marker of chronic immune activation, on T cells. The significant decrease in CD38 seen in the HIV patients treated with COX-2 inhibitors likely correlates to a slower depletion of CD4+ T cells and therefore a slower progression to AIDS.
Other markers of chronic immune activation were also shown to improve after treatment, such as decreased PD-1 expression, increased numbers of regulatory T cells and lower levels of antibodies (IgA). In addition, a vaccination sub-study demonstrated improved responses to T cell-dependent vaccines, which is particularly relevant to HIV patients.