Hip
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You might find this interesting if you haven’t seen it: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222156/
It is about how poliovirus requires bacteria
Yes, I think I have seen similar papers where gut bacteria and viruses may promote each other.
Dr Markov's theory is that neither the bacteria or the viruses found in ME/CFS are directly causing this disease, but rather it is the toxins bacteria make that are responsible. Bacterial toxins are often lethal to humans in doses of around 1 or 2 μg, so these are certainly pernicious toxins. And if they were leaking into the bloodstream in sublethal doses, they could cause many ill effects.
Some ME/CFS researchers like Micheal Maes have proposed that ME/CFS could be caused by bacterial toxins leaking into the bloodstream from a dysbiosis intestines combined with a leaky gut (intestinal hyperpermeability). So this idea of bacterial toxins causing ME/CFS is not new. But the novel idea in Dr Markov theory is that the dysbiosis and leak are actually in the kidneys, not the gut, where all other microbiome researchers are looking.
To corroborate his theory of bacterial toxins causing ME/CFS, Markov found that 81% of 818 ME/CFS patients have severe levels of bacterial toxins in the blood (toxemia), and 17% had moderate levels bya blood test performed at an independent lab in the Ukraine. To my knowledge, Dr Markov is the first researcher to actually test bacterial toxin levels in ME/CFS patients (there was a recent study looking at LPS levels in ME/CFS, but LPS is just one of many bacterial toxins).
Nevertheless, viruses are the usual trigger for ME/CFS, so if Dr Markov's theory is correct, then we would have to explain how a viral infection can cause bacterial toxins to suddenly start entering the blood. It may be that the virus infects the kidneys and causes the kidneys to leak, and then a pre-existing bacterial dysbiosis in the kidneys starts to become a problem. But that's pure speculation, and it's really anyone's guess.