The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 Immunity

[Violeta]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118948/

June, 2015

Katherine Bao and R. Lee Reinhardt

Interluekin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines central to type-2 inflammation, and represent targetable candidates for the amelioration of allergic disease . IL-4 and IL-13 are required to drive most of the key hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation including immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, smooth muscle contractility, mucus production, and innate cell recruitment to sites of inflammation.

 

[Violeta]

Amazingly, kefir lowers IL-4 and IL-13.

Milk kefir: nutritional, microbiological and health benefits​

https://www.cambridge.org/core/jour...lth-benefits/1393DC2B8E5F08B0BE7BD58F030D387B

The anti-inflammatory potential of kefir was evaluated in an animal model of asthma, sensitised with ovalbumin. The administration of kefir (50 mg/kg) was found to significantly inhibit the total number of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar fluids. In addition, kefir administration decreased IL-4, IL-13 and IgE to a normal level( Reference Lee, Ahn and Kwon13 ). Thus, kefir has therapeutic potential for the prevention of allergic bronchial asthma.

 

[Violeta]

Exploration on anti-allergy effects of Kefir in vitro and in vivo

Oral administration of multiple lactic acid bacteria strains suppressed allergic responses IgE in an ovalbumin-induced allergy BALB/c mouse model


https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7d40/ef305b2e07e1cdc786fda73a74bf999e188a.pdf

After week four the serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured. The results show that probiotic products induced IFN-γ, suppressed IL-4, and increased the IFN-γ/ IL-4 (Th-1/ Th-2) ratio significantly in PBMCs. Probiotic products also decreased significantly the serum total IgE and OVA-specific IgE levels in our animal model. Our study indicates that the multi-species probiotics may therefore have an anti-allergy effect.

For example, interleukin 12 (IL-12), a Th1 maturation factor, stimulates Th-1 cells to produce IFN-γ that in turn prevents a Th2 associated response suppresses IgE production.

 

[Violeta]

A tangent, but kefir has been shown to increase cytotoxicity of NK cells.

This study showed that the cytotoxicity of NK cells and the expression and secretion of IFN-γ in NK cells were increased after treatment of the cells with a six lactic acid bacteria mixture. Further in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models of colorectal cancer are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the six lactic acid bacteria mixture.

Induction of NK Activity by the Six Lactic Acid Bacteria from Homemade-Kefir​

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar...six lactic acid,induction of NK cell activity.