th1/th2 cytokine test

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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What does this mean?!! It sounds very offensive but must have a different meaning to doctors in the UK?!!!

In English colloquial speech a fag end is a piece of information you pick up from somebody's conversation without really knowing what the context is. Otherwise known as gossip. Th1/Th2 balance is something that both conventional and unconventional doctors pick up from review articles written by so-called immunologists without really knowing what it means (it probably doesn't mean anything as far as I can see).
 

Gijs

Senior Member
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Thank you for your reply. Professor Edwards did you find something significantly wrong in the immunesystem in CFS/ME patiënts after studying the recent literature? What could be interesting according to you.
 

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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Thank you for your reply. Professor Edwards did you find something significantly wrong in the immunesystem in CFS/ME patiënts after studying the recent literature? What could be interesting according to you.

I think it is still very unclear whether or not there is a consistent immune abnormality even in a major subset of ME/CFS patients. The NK cell results remain inconsistent from lab to lab. B cell populations across the board are almost certainly normal. Conventional T cell subsets appear to be normal. Shifts in cytokines have been found in early patients but it is hard to say that these indicate something wrong with the immune system rather than some sort of response to illness. A major objective of the growing collaboration between research groups in Europe is to compare results on immune function in patient populations across Europe to see if something clearer can be identified.

It may be worth commenting that even in diseases with gross immune dysfunction, like RA or lupus or Reiter's, finding abnormalities in blood cells is not at all easy. Numbers of cells and behaviour in vitro may not tell us anything relevant.
 

lansbergen

Senior Member
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A major objective of the growing collaboration between research groups in Europe is to compare results on immune function in patient populations across Europe to see if something clearer can be identified.

I hope they will differentiate during flares and between flares.
 

Gijs

Senior Member
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Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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Oke, thank you professor Edwards. But what about this study:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24454857

PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1):e85387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085387. eCollection 2014.
Deficient EBV-specific B- and T-cell response in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.Loebel M1, Strohschein K2, Giannini C1, Koelsch U3, Bauer S1, Doebis C4, Thomas S1, Unterwalder N3, von Baehr V4, Reinke P5, Knops M1, Hanitsch LG1, Meisel C6, Volk HD7, Scheibenbogen C

That study is interesting but if you study something like EBV responses hard enough you are bound to get some result or other show up significant after a while. So all studies like this need repeating before one considers them as approaching 'fact'. My memory is that this study identified some rather detailed differences and that the more general tests were unremarkable. And we do not know that these responses are 'defective'. They are deficient only in the sense of being low values. They may be entirely appropriate for those people.
 

bertiedog

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The problem with T cell response tests (transformation) is that T cells are not that fussy about what they respond to - so the result depends entirely on how long you 'cook' the test and what concentrations you use etc. You can get any T cells to respond to anything if you try hard enough. The T cells themselves do not 'remember' things. Memory is due to selection of T cells born with a higher affinity for the antigen in question. Memory is actually the wrong word, although it sort of works.

So 90% of ME patients will test positive if the lab wants to sell that. This is the problem and it makes me very wary of these tests if they are being sold commercially. I would not trust a transformation test unless it was done by a university hospital lab that no financial interest in whether it got positive or negative results. I am afraid that medical commerce is a sleazy place.

Lowish CD3 or CD57 probably mean nothing much. Lymphocyte counts vary widely because they just measure how many cells happen to be taking bus rides through the blood stream at that point in time. If they are way out of range that is different. If they were the person would be given a formal immunodeficiency diagnosis, not ME.

I appreciate your thoughts on this test, especially as I tested positive last year on 3 aspects of the test for borrelia! Would the fact that people are also getting a positive result on an Immunoblot or Westernblot on Band 41 which is a more traditional test for borrelia sway your judgement as to whether they were infected? From my understanding Band 41 will only react to flagella and this would fit with spirochettes?

Pam
 

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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I appreciate your thoughts on this test, especially as I tested positive last year on 3 aspects of the test for borrelia! Would the fact that people are also getting a positive result on an Immunoblot or Westernblot on Band 41 which is a more traditional test for borrelia sway your judgement as to whether they were infected? From my understanding Band 41 will only react to flagella and this would fit with spirochettes?

Pam

People can have antibodies to bands on blots even if they have never met the organism. It is all a matter of careful calibration of results in known cases and controls. Unless the calibration has been done to reference laboratory standard (which I doubt) I would not take much notice of any of these tests. Commercial labs will want to sell a result that suits the customer.
 

Research 1st

Severe ME, POTS & MCAS.
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Has anyone had a test like this:

http://www.truehealthlabs.com/TH1-TH2-Balance-Panel-Basic-p/LC_815250.htm

Any thoughts on whether it's worth the money?


Basic Answer: It depends on what you want to do with the results? As a basic test of some abnormal shift in immune profile, then yes if abnormal it's better than nothing at all. However, I would have far more tests than just one, if you are trying to 'prove' you have a low grade chronic immune activation along the lines of ME. Even then I doubt there is anyone to show, and if even if there is, unless you're a wealthy American who can travel to California to see private doctors, you won't get any help to be quite frank. So only get the test for your own satisfaction to see if it correlates with other patients findings, rather than think it's a golden ticket into a doctors office, as it won't be.

Complex Answer:

I buy all the tests related to research in CFS & ME wherever possible (such as De Meirleir and Lyme) and I photocopy the results and give copies to my medical lawyer. I've got pages upon pages of abnormal tests results (over multiple decades), but officially, 'nothing can be found' by the NHS. I know, it's hilarious.

The reason Government based heath care systems are utterly useless for ME (as CFS), is the employees are ignorant about the research in ME and CFS. Because of this they can become arrogant, and believe the tests for conditions you don't have, show you don't have much wrong with you, because they can't find anything, using the wrong tests, so you must be a somatizer after all. (Yes, bizarre logic).

The fundamental reason for this error, is ME is a very complex disease with subtle, or fluctuating immune activation markers, that often have to be 'caught', and you have to know what tests to run in the first place (always follow research). An hard to diagnose condition, an autoimmune condition, such as Lupus, in some ways is the same. Unless you go into the ER with sausage fingers or some horrible pulmonary emergency with sky high levels of inflammation, there is the scope for some initial doubt the patient is being 'honest' and patients aren't necessarily believed. (ME is like this, but much much worse, because the tests they run, won't show anything at all, ever. So the patient is never believed and sent home with their tail behind their legs).

This is when you have to learn to think outside the box. My general rule is, never believe or hope private tests will be abnormal, until the test result says it is, and then when it is, see what this means in terms of the science. I thus am prepared to invest 80% in 'dud' tests, (expenditure), if 20% of my results are hitting the jackpot. Also, I want these tests to be worth showing doctors, or specialists. I try and avoid, some weird and wacky tests, few will believe.Remember just because a doctor tells you something is wacky, doesn't mean it is.

Cytokines, are just that. Cytokines can be elevated due to stress, in major depression, and in infection and in practically any condition. So when you test, you need to know that your profile, isn't just some odd suppression or elevation and it's associated to known research, or (at minimum) science presentations by doctors who see people with ME, or public comments by experts in the area of infectious disease who see 'CFS' patients, who would never go public unless they're sure what they're saying is accurate.

For example government employees who are running a CBT/GE programme may tell very ill ME patients they ''cant' find anything wrong'', but I've learnt this is total misinformation and there is lots wrong. NB: I am basing this on if you are severely affected at least and if you've been so ill for so long, your immune system is now deranged.

I am just like someone else with ME remember, nothing special, but look what I've found by reading Lyme research (I don't have Lyme diagnosis, all my blood PCR tests are negative), listening to very ill patients, and also having an open mind of learning new facts.

Consistent findings of INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE ACTIVATION of an 'ME' non clasical (ESR/CRP) type I found, that mirrors countles other patients with 'ME' and 'Chronic Lyme' (I am Borrelia PCR negative of all types).

ESR of 0 with occasional elevation. An ESR of 0 is not normal and known in ME.
Elevated HS-CRP (more cardiac related) with normal CRP. Copies ME research.
High cfNA (High cell free DNA is a marker of inflammation, likely oxidative stress).
Normal Complement with Elevated Alternative Complement Pathway
Deficiency of C3a, C4a (This is not normal, and I don't have Lupus or Diabetes).
Elevated LDH
Elevated Fibrinogen
Elevated Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) - seen in Lyme.
Very High Cytokines (IL2, IL-4 (TH1/TH2), IL-6 IL-8, IL-10).
High Interferon Gamma (IFN-g) with Low Inteferon Alpha (IFN-a) -
Elevated Chemokines that are associated to brain neurons, glial cells (MIP-1, MCP1)
Elevated Growth Factors (TGF-Beta 1, VEGF) also seen in Lyme,HIV etc.
Markedly raised IgE - allergy status which explains my symptoms.
Raised raised IgG Subset
Very low secretory IgA (vital for pathogen defence in the gut) - many with ME find this.
Elevated Blood Viscosity - a sign of inflammation/infection - ditto
Altered shape of Red Blood Cells (a sign of inflammation, e.g. oxidative stress) - ditto
Very high markers of oxidative stress - ditto
Long term evidence of elevated Lymphocytes and/or Monocytes, but occasionally normal.
Activated Lymphocytes on Blood Films.


All of these tests above will not be tested for by the NHS in the UK, because they are specialist.
This situation can be taken advantage of by people who know what they're doing, such as 'CFS' immunologists, who will lie to your face and tell you that Cytokine tests are useless and a waste of money. Nothing, is a waste of money, if it helps you escape being left at home to rot, by leaving a misdiagnosis of CBT/GET based CFS though

Doctors who dismiss all my findings, that all my results are worthless, they do this on the undeniable fact classical markers of inflammation such as ESR or CRP are usually normal in PWME, so there is no diagnosis they can give us that is 'proof of ME', which irks them and make them hostile.

Well guess what, as Jose Montoya (Infectious disease specialist - Stanford, USA) has said recently, this is old school thinking, old knowledge. There is evidence of inflammation in ME (CFS), but it's NOT the ''outdated'' markers (for ME CFS) such as ESR/CRP which look at one type of inflammation, but a different type of more subtle inflammation.

So yes, TH1/TH2 imbalance blood test is hardly going to alter your diagnosis, but in combination with many others specialist tests, it may show you just how sick you are, especially if you gather multiple results, over time.

I also tend to run a full blood count, to 'prove' I didn't have an infection at the time. And if I do, I re-run with at least an 8 week gap in between. This is because blood tests can have multiple meanings, I.E. they can be 'acute phase reactants', and can go up with a bug, when you're otherwise fine in this area. So its important to show you didn't have a bug, as then other reasons for elevation are then implied.

Maybe half of my private tests are positive, showing you can't just follow research and get it right by blind faith in a heterogenous cohort of research participants, e.g. 'CFS'. Yet, nearly all of my NHS tests are negative. My tests follow ME or CFS or Lyme research, the state tests don't are for conditions I don't have. Doctors lose hope, they get sick of you, they follow the NICE guidelines, they listen to other warning not to order tests as it's costly and wasteful.

You could say this was somewhat of a motivator for me to become interested in medical research, of which sceptics love to point out is unorthodox or unproven. Well sometimes, by listening to unorthodox people and small studies done on patients who likely have your condition, you learn a lot more than silence from an accepted system, of doing nothing is the best management policy for a chronic disease.

So that's what I do and I get solace from the fact I know I have a shared disease, even if I've never met someone with it so far. Maybe one day I will.

So don't invest in private tests, unless your committed and know what you're doing as you could have 500 tests and only 3 are positive. Also don't expect anyone to listen to you, due to the fact they aren't educated in up to date science and probably qualified years ago and what they learnt back then is out of date.

A doctor told me the other day, he didn't know what IgG meant. Another told me they don't believe it's possible to feel dizzy after passing urine as it can't possibly lower your blood pressure.

Imagine this gap of knowledge, now focussed on something as vastly complicated (and contested) as the field of immunology and then a subset of this, inflammation, and then a further subset of this, cytokines all wrapped up in a disbelieved condition.

Huge scope for over and under interpretation by the patient, due to influence from another party.
Make sure you check who is influencing you, do they sound legitimate, and what authority do they have on supporting or dismissing your results.

I have no authority, I'm just a patient. But sometimes a patient has imbibed massively more than a medical qualified sceptic, because a closed mind prevents new information being considered valid or invalid. Don't be fooled by appeals to authority, be confident the decisions you make as an adult, are you own.

The best of luck.
 
Last edited:

bertiedog

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People can have antibodies to bands on blots even if they have never met the organism. It is all a matter of careful calibration of results in known cases and controls. Unless the calibration has been done to reference laboratory standard (which I doubt) I would not take much notice of any of these tests. Commercial labs will want to sell a result that suits the customer.

That sounds so bad to me that I would have thought it fraudulent?

Pam
 

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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5,256
That sounds so bad to me that I would have thought it fraudulent?

Pam

I have to say that I had little experience of using commercial labs when I was working. Having seen the sorts of test offered by commercial labs to ME patients has been something of an eye-opener. If regulations were equivalent to use of medicines then I suspect a lot of these tests would be breaching laws. I think they may well be fraudulent in the sense that most of us would understand. But the lab can always say that they are just doing the test and that it is up to the doctor who orders it to interpret it.
 

Ema

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I have to say that I had little experience of using commercial labs when I was working. H
All labs in the US that are regularly used by patients are commercial labs. I know of very few patients having any sorts of testing done in research labs. Typically this would only be done as a part of some sort of study.

Testing always has limitations. That's why we still see doctors and not computers.

And I have no idea how yet *another* thread has been hijacked with talk of Lyme, testing and the value of labs.
 

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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5,256
All labs in the US that are regularly used by patients are commercial labs. I know of very few patients having any sorts of testing done in research labs. Typically this would only be done as a part of some sort of study.

Testing always has limitations. That's why we still see doctors and not computers.

And I have no idea how yet *another* thread has been hijacked with talk of Lyme, testing and the value of labs.

I don't quite see how a thread on the value of a lab test can be 'hijacked' by discussion of the value of lab tests, Ema. I would be very pleased if people stopped talking about Lyme, since I doubt it has anything to do with ME, but it seemed reasonable to answer a technical question.

Most labs in the UK are run within hospitals as part of standard healthcare and because they are not in competition with anyone have no pressure to offer what doctors and patients think they want rather than what is agreed to be reliable. There are a few private labs that quite clearly sell tests to suit the customer - many of which do not conform to any agreed standards.

There is nothing absurd about suggesting that patients want positive diagnostic results. Patients are constantly saying they want answers. They want explanations for their symptoms. So a positive test result is welcome. A lab that says it can make a diagnosis when others cannot will get good business - unfortunately whether or not its tests are reliable.

There is nothing 'hijacking' about such comments. If PR is to be a site that provides useful information for PWME then it wants to include all sides of all arguments.
 

heapsreal

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  • Most labs in the UK are run within hospitals as part of standard healthcare and because they are not in competition with anyone have no pressure to offer what doctors and patients think they want rather than what is agreed to be reliable. There are a few private labs that quite clearly sell tests to suit the customer - many of which do not conform to any agreed standards.

Uk health system with no competition doesnt give them any incentive to improve testing, treatments etc . Socialist health systems are about providing the minimum and reducing costs.

ME is a great example as the longer they can deny its an issue the less they need to provide funding.

its a known fact that once one has a diagnosis of ME in the uk, its almost impossible to get any other testing as it promotes false illness beliefs.

also they wouldn't want to diagnose too many Britts with lyme as the govt will have to pay for treatments . So they just keep people in the dark which gives the health system no incentive to improve testing even though technology is improving or could be improved .

The lack of independent lateral thinking amongst 99.9% of UK drs makes its a scary country to live in with illnesses like cfs/me.
 

Gijs

Senior Member
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As a patiënt i don't believe in (chronic) lyme as a cause for (90%) ME/CFS. The LTT test is not reliable at all. Though the test is interesting. Doctors would ackowledge (chronic) lyme if the tests are validated. Doctors don't care about goverments and insurance companies, they want to know the truth. Some patiënts believe in a conspiracy theory, i don't. ME/CFS is a difficult disease for scientists. I think a real breakthrough will come from spinalfluid, PETscan and MRI studies not from immunological. This disease is in the brain and (autonomic)nervoussystem or small veins. Bloodflowdisfunction is the key problem in this this disease.
 

Jonathan Edwards

"Gibberish"
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I guess you would be in a better position to judge that than I, Heaps. I guess Fleming had no incentive to discover penicillin and I had no incentive to develop treatments for RA. Figures. We must have been short of lateral thinking.
 
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