sometexan84
Senior Member
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Severe COVID may be caused by 'autoantibodies' – here is what that means
Note: Unfortunately, we can't test for most of these. It really really sucks. Only thing we can do is test for levels of a given protein, or cytokine. Many times, it's lower if there are auto-antibodies against it (not always).
Yale University study found the following antibodies....
COVID
Cytokine autoantibody targets
Type 1 interferons
IL-1α/β
IL-6
GM-CSF (CSF2)
IL-18Rβ (IL18RAP)
Leptin (LEP)
Chemokine autoantibody targets
CXCL1
CXCL7 (PPBP)
CCL2
CCL15
CCL16
Chemokine decoy receptor ACKR1 (Duffy blood group antigen)
Immunomodulatory cell surface autoantibody targets
NKG2D ligands (RAET1E/L, ULBP1/2)
NK cell receptors NKG2A/C/E (KLRC1/2/3)
B cell expressed proteins (CD38, FCMR, FCRL3, CXCR5)
T cell expressed proteins (CD3E, CXCR3, CCR4)
Myeloid expressed proteins (CCR2, CD300E)
CNS compartment autoantibodies
Orexin receptor HCRT2R
Metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5
Neuronal injury marker NINJ1
Vascular cell type autoantibodies
Endothelial adhesion molecule PLVAP
Regulator of angiogenesis RSPO3
Connective tissue and extracellular matrix autoantibody targets
Suspected regulator of cartilage maintenance OTOR
Matrix metalloproteinases MMP7 and MMP9
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205v4.full-text
"autoantibodies that target immune cell surface proteins are associated with depletion of particular immune cell populations and may negatively impact the immune response"
"patients with autoantibodies against antigens expressed on B cells (CD38, FcμR, and FcRL3) had significantly lower frequencies of circulating B-cells"
"patient with anti-CD38 autoantibodies and found that they also exhibited a lower frequency of NK cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and activated CD8+ T cells, all of which also express CD38"
"With respect to monocytes, we identified five autoantibody targets (CCR2, CCRL2, FFAR4, SYND4, and CPAMD8). patients with these autoantibodies had significantly lower frequencies of classical and intermediate monocytes as well as increased frequencies of nonclassical monocytes"
"patient with autoantibodies against CD3E (a component of the T cell receptor complex) who had intact B and NK cell compartments but dramatically reduced levels of CD4 T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT cells in the blood"
Note: Unfortunately, we can't test for most of these. It really really sucks. Only thing we can do is test for levels of a given protein, or cytokine. Many times, it's lower if there are auto-antibodies against it (not always).
Yale University study found the following antibodies....
COVID
Cytokine autoantibody targets
Type 1 interferons
IL-1α/β
IL-6
GM-CSF (CSF2)
IL-18Rβ (IL18RAP)
Leptin (LEP)
Chemokine autoantibody targets
CXCL1
CXCL7 (PPBP)
CCL2
CCL15
CCL16
Chemokine decoy receptor ACKR1 (Duffy blood group antigen)
Immunomodulatory cell surface autoantibody targets
NKG2D ligands (RAET1E/L, ULBP1/2)
NK cell receptors NKG2A/C/E (KLRC1/2/3)
B cell expressed proteins (CD38, FCMR, FCRL3, CXCR5)
T cell expressed proteins (CD3E, CXCR3, CCR4)
Myeloid expressed proteins (CCR2, CD300E)
CNS compartment autoantibodies
Orexin receptor HCRT2R
Metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5
Neuronal injury marker NINJ1
Vascular cell type autoantibodies
Endothelial adhesion molecule PLVAP
Regulator of angiogenesis RSPO3
Connective tissue and extracellular matrix autoantibody targets
Suspected regulator of cartilage maintenance OTOR
Matrix metalloproteinases MMP7 and MMP9
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205v4.full-text
"autoantibodies that target immune cell surface proteins are associated with depletion of particular immune cell populations and may negatively impact the immune response"
"patients with autoantibodies against antigens expressed on B cells (CD38, FcμR, and FcRL3) had significantly lower frequencies of circulating B-cells"
"patient with anti-CD38 autoantibodies and found that they also exhibited a lower frequency of NK cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and activated CD8+ T cells, all of which also express CD38"
"With respect to monocytes, we identified five autoantibody targets (CCR2, CCRL2, FFAR4, SYND4, and CPAMD8). patients with these autoantibodies had significantly lower frequencies of classical and intermediate monocytes as well as increased frequencies of nonclassical monocytes"
"patient with autoantibodies against CD3E (a component of the T cell receptor complex) who had intact B and NK cell compartments but dramatically reduced levels of CD4 T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT cells in the blood"