Emootje
Senior Member
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- The Netherlands
Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), also known as free fatty acids (FFA), are produced from triglycerides by the actions of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL):
source
High sympathetic tone causes an increase in catecholamines which causes an increase in FFA/NEFA’s release. If you don’t burn these FFA/NEFA’s they accumulate and cause lipotoxicity.
Excess of FFA/NEFA’s and their metabolites [fatty acids acyl-CoA (FA-acyl-CoA), diacylglycerol (DAG), protein kinase C (PKC) and ceramides] causes lipotoxicity by:
*Impaired mitochondria function [1]
*Impaired glucose metabolism [2] [3]
*Insulin resistance [4] [5]
*Inflammation [6]
*Lowers aldosterone [7]
High levels of NEFA’s are seen in:
Sympathetic dominance:
*Pheochromocytoma
*Heart failure
*Sleep apnea
*Sleep deprivation
*Hyperthyroidism
*Acute myocardial infarction
Others:
(Pre)diabetes
Fatty Liver
Alcoholism
Cachexia
source
High sympathetic tone causes an increase in catecholamines which causes an increase in FFA/NEFA’s release. If you don’t burn these FFA/NEFA’s they accumulate and cause lipotoxicity.
Excess of FFA/NEFA’s and their metabolites [fatty acids acyl-CoA (FA-acyl-CoA), diacylglycerol (DAG), protein kinase C (PKC) and ceramides] causes lipotoxicity by:
*Impaired mitochondria function [1]
*Impaired glucose metabolism [2] [3]
*Insulin resistance [4] [5]
*Inflammation [6]
*Lowers aldosterone [7]
High levels of NEFA’s are seen in:
Sympathetic dominance:
*Pheochromocytoma
*Heart failure
*Sleep apnea
*Sleep deprivation
*Hyperthyroidism
*Acute myocardial infarction
Others:
(Pre)diabetes
Fatty Liver
Alcoholism
Cachexia
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