Very exciting work, but why only one person tested? I’m concerned by this. Rigorous scientists generally don’t advertise the results from one person when it would be quite easy to replicate the experiment. So let’s stay tuned for more data.
It is a poster presentation, and this type of very preliminary, less formal publication style is considered appropriate in that context. Posters are aimed at generating discussion or airing ideas, especially at conferences. Other less formal publications include case studies, research letters, and letters to the editor.
Apart from sharing something the authors are excited about, this is a way for them to get other scientists interested and inspired to study the same topic. I imagine they could also use the poster to help them make funding applications to do a peer-reviewed study with a suitable number of subjects and controls, not because results from one person mean anything, but by demonstrating how their idea can work and its potential.
The authors state in the Discussion section: “This is a n-of-1 proof of concept study. A subsequent larger study is being planned to verify this phenomenon in more individuals experiencing PEM.”