In an experimental model, intermittent fasting reduced by half the amount of heart damage caused by a heart attack.36 Intermittent fasting protects against age-related phenomena like fibrosis, oxidative damage, and inflammation, indicating that it may be preventative of age-related diseases.44 Mice fasting every other day develop fewer cases of lymphoma and liver cancer.37
The risk of diabetes is less with intermittent fasting. A study in rodents showed a reduced incidence of diabetes when fed only on alternate days.33 Studies in humans also suggest that diabetes is less likely to develop with intermittent fasting.34,35
A study in the Journal of Neuroscience Research found that fasting animals for 24 hours, but not 48 hours, after a hit on the head to simulate brain injury from traumatic accidents resulted in less brain damage. The 24 hour fast decreased oxidative stress and calcium loading and increased oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from the site of injury.
Research in rodents indicates that intermittent fasting increases both the mean and the maximal life span38, and that it increases neurogenesis in the brain, which means more brain cells develop and survive.39 Also, when fasted rodents were exposed to toxic chemicals to mimic Parkinson’s disease, more brain cells survived and their function improved significantly.40
Fasting may help against another poison, chemotherapy, which is designed to kill cancer cells at the expense of some toxicity to normal ones. A report published in the journal Aging noted that when 10 chemo patients fasted, six reported fewer side effects when they received chemotherapy while fasting compared to when eating normally. The effects of the treatment did not appear to be altered at all.51
In a paper published in 2010 in Cancer Research, a team at the University of Southern California followed the human findings of fasting with a study of mice with cancer. Fasting reduced their IGF-1 levels, an effect which has been shown to prolong life. When given chemotherapy, none of the normal-diet control group survived, while 60 percent of fasting mice lived.52
Eating every other day has been shown to decrease cell proliferation rates, an effect known to reduce the development of cancers. In animal models, intermittent fasting has been shown to reduce cancer growth on the skin and in breast tissue.60
Fasting may be beneficial in the treatment of other diseases as well, particularly those of an autoimmune nature and allergy. Fasting inhibited the development of colitis in an animal model designed to mimic the inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and a systematic review of 31 studies of fasting followed by a vegetarian diet to treat rheumatoid arthritis determined that a statistically and clinically significant beneficial long-term effect was evident.