The paper itself is very new,
@kungfudao . It was published in the July 27th, 2015 edition of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. See "Persister Development by B. Burgdorferi Populations In Vitro", John R. Caskey and Monica E. Embers.
So now you have the Kim Lewis effort. He is the academic leader, unaffiliated with Lyme, who figured out how to deal with MRSA persisters.
You have Ying Zhang out of Johns Hopkins.
And Monica Embers. You will remember Embers - it was her study whose release was delayed for over ten years that was supposed to be the sister study to the Klempner et al effort whose findings were made available in 2001. The Embers study was supposed to be the reality check, as it used primates, on which they could perform actual autopsies. Of course, we all know Klempner pretty much said there is no benefit to prolonged abx, supporting the mainstream mantra that there was no evidence of persistent infection following administration of IDSA-recommended therapy for Lyme. It used human subjects, and arguably the primary metric it employed was a questionnaire.
Ember et al's study was supposed to come out within two years of that, but it never saw the light of day until more than ten years later. When it did, it showed the conventional treatment failed to eradicate all the spirochetes in the monkeys studied.
It found spirochetes post-treatment. In what is today considered a seminal study, "Persistence of Borrelia Burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection", was finally published in January, 2012.
Now, on top of Ember's earlier pivotal primate effort, and along with Lewis and Zhang and Ember's most recent publication, there are substantive indications that there may be gaping flaws in some of the assumptions and recommendations within the 2006 IDSA Lyme guidelines.
These findings all point to the possibility - many would say 'fact' - that Bb may at times not be resolved by IDSA-recommended therapy, and I believe may undermine the principal treatment argument set forth by mainstreet Lyme.
I also believe these findings won't make even a dent in current protocol.