If anyone had the time (I don't atm) this could be challenged.
http://www.jpsychores.com/article/S0022-3999(10)00379-X/abstract
http://www.jpsychores.com/article/S0022-3999(10)00379-X/abstract
Metacognitions and negative emotions as predictors of symptom severity in
chronic fatigue syndrome
Lorraine Maher-Edwardsa, Bruce A. Ferniea, Gabrielle Murphya, Adrian Wellsb,
Marcantonio M. Spadacd
Received 6 April 2010; received in revised form 21 September 2010; accepted
28 September 2010. published online 19 November 2010.
Corrected Proof
Abstract
Objective
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) describes a condition that is primarily
characterized by fatigue and flu-like symptoms that are not alleviated by
rest. This study investigated the relationship among metacognitions,
negative emotions, and symptom severity in CFS.
Methods
A total of 96 patients who had received a diagnosis of CFS according to the
Oxford Criteria completed a battery of self-report measures that consisted
of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the 30-Item Metacognitions
Questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), and the RAND 36-Item
Short-Form Health Survey-Physical Functioning.
Results
Correlation analyses showed that negative emotions and metacognitions were
positively correlated with measures of symptom severity and that
metacognitions were a better predictor of symptom severity than anxiety and
depression. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that (1) lack of
cognitive confidence predicted both mental and physical factors of the CFQ
and physical functioning independently of negative emotions and (2) beliefs
about the need to control thoughts predicted the mental factor of the CFQ
independently of negative emotions and lack of cognitive confidence.
Conclusion
The data support the potential application of the metacognitive model of
psychological disorder to understanding CFS.
Keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome, Metacognitions, Negative emotions,
Symptom severity
a Fatigue Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
b University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
c London South Bank University, London, UK
d North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Corresponding author. Department of Mental Health and Learning Disabilities,
Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, 103 Borough
Road, SE1 0AA London, UK. Tel.: +44 020 7815 6758.
PII: S0022-3999(10)00379-X