taniaaust1
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I think the best way to diagnose is usually thought to be a fasting glucose, and then a post-breakfast glucose on the same day. All sorts of weird stuff can effect fasting glucose, so it's not particularly reliable by itself.
That's what they do in the 2 hr glucose Tolerance test (2hr GTT). Fasting glucose is taken.. then either they give glucose or one has breakfast.. and then more bloods are done half hourly to see how body reacts to glucose or the meal.
2hr GTT can be done with or without the insulin levels tested too (usually doctors need to request the insulin to be done at same time or otherwise labs just look at the glucose levels and hence then miss is a person has abnormal insulin results.. abnormal levels of insulin not only show up a prediabetic state (in which then diet needs to be taken care of to prevent diabetes) but can also cause bouts of hypoglycemia so its good to know if insulin is acting normally or not.
Having bloods taken for the full time period is the best as some have delayed abnormalities to carbs.