Under this condition,PRL as well as E2 protects against trauma-hemorrhage by reducingplasma levels of corticosterone and IL-6, enhancing splenocyteproliferation and function, and increasing survival of animalsto septic shock (Zellweger et al., 1996; Knoferl et al., 2000a,b).These studies show that both PRL and E2 protect against inflammationand improve dysfunctional immune responses under conditionsof severe stress. A reciprocal relationship is also found betweenhigh serum corticosterone versus low PRL levels after a burninjury (Thellin et al., 2001). In this model of burn-inducedstress, the low level of PRL is correlated with a significantincrease in IL-6 production by gut enterocytes, which is accompaniedby a loss of gut integrity, bacterial translocation into thecirculation, and septic complications (Ogle et al., 2000).