Exosome-associated Mitochondrial DNA is Elevated in Patients with ME/CFS and Stimulates Human Cultured Microglia to Secrete IL-1β

[CSMLSM]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24684963/

COX-2-derived endocannabinoid metabolites as novel inflammatory mediators​

Mireille Alhouayek 1, Giulio G Muccioli 2
Affiliations expand

• PMID: 24684963
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.03.001

Abstract​

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a key role in inflammatory processes. Classically, this enzyme is upregulated in inflammatory situations and is responsible for the generation of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid (AA). One lesser-known property of COX-2 is its ability to metabolize the endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Endocannabinoid metabolism by COX-2 is not merely a means to terminate their actions. On the contrary, it generates PG analogs, namely PG-glycerol esters (PG-G) for 2-AG and PG-ethanolamides (PG-EA or prostamides) for AEA. Although the formation of these COX-2-derived metabolites of the endocannabinoids has been known for a while, their biological effects remain to be fully elucidated. Recently, several studies have focused on the role of these PG-G or PG-EA in vivo. In this review we take a closer look at the literature concerning these novel bioactive lipids and their role in inflammation.

 

[pattismith]

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24684963/

probably one more reason to use low dose cox-2 inhibitor in my treatment regimen