Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and therapeutic inhibitors.

[sb4]

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human virus which infects almost all humans during their lifetime and following the acute phase, persists for the remainder of the life of the individual. EBV infects B lymphocytes leading to their immortalisation, with persistence of the EBV genome as an episome. In the latent phase, EBV is prevented from reactivating through efficient cytotoxic cellular immunity. EBV reactivates (lytic phase) under conditions of psychological stress with consequent weakening of cellular immunity, and EBV reactivation has been shown to occur in a subset of individuals with each of a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases, the autoimmune-like disease, chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis and under other circumstances such as being an inpatient in an intensive care unit. Chronic EBV reactivation is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of many such diseases, yet is rarely tested for in immunocompetent individuals. This review summarises the pathogenesis of EBV infection, EBV reactivation and its role in disease, and methods which may be used to detect it. Known inhibitors of EBV reactivation and replication are discussed, including drugs licensed for treatment of other herpesviruses, licensed or experimental drugs for various other indications, compounds at an early stage of drug development and nutritional constituents such as vitamins and dietary supplements. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Anyone get a full text of this? Would be interested in seeing the drugs they think would help.

 

[Gemini]

Anyone get a full text of this? Would be interested in seeing the drugs they think would help.

@sb4 Jonathan Kerr is the author. Perhaps he'd forward a copy?

 

[sb4]

@sb4 Jonathan Kerr is the author. Perhaps he'd forward a copy?

Thanks, just sent him an email now.

 

[Binkie4]

@sb4
Please can you post Dr Kerr’s response here when you get it. Thanks.

 

[ljimbo423]

 

[sb4]

He has replied with the paper.

Something that interested me near the start is they mention how EBV can get in the B Cells through tonsils. Interesting for those who's onset was tonsillitis.

In the oropharynx, the virus infects B cells via the C3d complement receptor, CD21.10It has been shown that the epithelial lining of the oropharynx is discontinuous allowing the virus direct access to the underlying B cells of the tonsils. EBV infection of B lymphocytes in vitro leads to the production of immortalised lympho-blastoid cell lines exhibiting restricted cellular and EBV gene expression.13 After the initial replicative (lytic) phase of infection, the EBV genome circu-larises to be maintained as a multicopy plasmid in the B cell nucleus.

The rest of the paper explains how EBV reactivation works and various drugs and supplements that have show activity to combat it.

 

[Carl]

Why did you not plug the DOI into Sci-hub?
http://sci-hub.se/10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205822

I was a bit surprised to find it on there so quickly.

All this is of no use to me. Viruses do not cause CFS, they are not capable of producing the necessary effects and are only a consequence of the immune system dysfunction. People keep mixing up cause and effect.

 

[Archie]

This was good find sb4 . I noticed the study mentioned CD8+ T-Cell something.. i had this study on my bookmarks :

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ad/2012/189096/

And related to CD8+ T cells & oxidative stress :

https://www.futurity.org/vitamin-e-immune-cells-894482/


Now we just need to get all that stuff to blender and drink it

 

[sb4]

Why did you not plug the DOI into Sci-hub?
http://sci-hub.se/10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205822

I was a bit surprised to find it on there so quickly.

Huh, I google the study and the first few links were paywalled. Is Sci-hub the go to place in this case?

@Archie Yeah good links there with the CD8 T cells. I wonder if anti oxidants in general would help (ascorbic acid) or if they need to be fat soluble like vit E?

 

[Carl]

Huh, I google the study and the first few links were paywalled. Is Sci-hub the go to place in this case?

As I mentioned I did not expect it to be available this quickly, it has only been 4 days since it was put up onto pubmed on 17th July. I get most of the full research papers from sci-hub or failing that libgen which is a bit more awkward to use. They have been invaluable resources which helped me work out the true cause of CFS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31315893

 

[Archie]

@sb4 Acai berry is very powerfull antioxidant, and happens to be also peroxynitrite scavenger, i do take vitamin C few times per day too, thought i use whole food C only, i just got whole food vitamin E also.

 

[Gemini]

He has replied with the paper.

Thank you so much @sb4 for requesting the paper.

And greatly appreciate Dr. Kerr making it available.

 

[Archie]

It look' s like the study missed to point out one importat ingredient, Chaparral (Larrea tridentata )

I just ordered it becouse , oh well....i am so tired of this, i want to feel like a normal human being again.

With same order i got these also :

https://www.herb-pharm.com/product/virattack/

https://www.herb-pharm.com/product/daily-immune-builder/


Also, taked some vitamin D more, i just read that CD8+ T cells have more vitamin D receptors than any others types ....and i just recently had wounds (ulcers ) in gut which require vitamin D to heal, so it can have also effect of bodys vitamin D stores, healing wounds can deplete some nutrients more, same goes for any infection in the body i gues, and we do have a lot infections do we?

 

[Archie]

The article :

https://drhedberg.com/epstein-barr-virus-autoimmune-diseases

 

[nyanko_the_sane]

Thanks @sb4 there is some great information in this paper.

 

[Archie]

Vitamin E seems important , it help immune system to fight against viruses, and help agaist free radicals , infections seems to increase free radicals . Test tube studys suggest exess free radicals may damage the energy producing portions of the cells, mitochondria .

So if we think the usual CFS person with at least one infection, the situation in cell levels may be that there is a lot exess free radicals and lack of variety of different antioxidants , this may have negative effects to cell mitochondrias, which then cause weaknes/fatigue .

https://www.catie.ca/ga-pdf.php?file=pdf/Supple-e/Vitamin E.pdf

Vitamin E and other good antioxidants is IMO good support for CFS . Also the more i read about vitamin D it also look to be important part of the immune system .

https://advancedtissue.com/2014/11/vitamin-d-healing-wounds/

Vitamin D may boost cathelicidin , an antimicrobial substance

 

[Archie]

Exercise can generate free radicals, is that maybe one reason CFS folks have more difficulties with exercise ? If cells are loaded allready with free radicals and mitochondrias also working poorly becouse of that .