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Objective: To investigate T cell and antibody immunity to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunity to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, and T cell immunity was assessed using enzyme linked immunospot assays to measure the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) producing interferon γ in response to autologous EBV infected B cell lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) in 34 EBV seropositive healthy subjects and 34 EBV seropositive patients with MS who had not received immunomodulatory therapy in the previous 3 months.
Results: Patients with MS had increased levels of anti-EBNA1 IgG but a decreased frequency of LCL specific T cells compared with healthy subjects. Using purified populations of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, we showed that the LCL specific response resides predominantly in the CD8+ population, with a frequency 5–7-fold higher than in the CD4+ population. The decreased CD8+ T cell response to LCL in MS was not caused by decreased HLA class I expression by LCL, and LCL from MS patients could be killed normally by HLA matched EBV specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell clones from healthy subjects. Furthermore, the decreased CD8+ T cell immunity to EBV was not due to a primary defect in the function of CD8+ T cells because EBV specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lines could be generated normally from the PBMC of patients with MS.
Conclusion: This quantitative deficiency in CD8+ T cell immunity to EBV might be responsible for the accumulation of EBV infected B cells in the brains of patients with MS.
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/80/5/498
The above research was what has lead to the treatment of a previous link i have posted which involved taking the patients T-cells and growing them with an ebv vaccine and reinfusing this back into the patient.
Following the treatment, Gary experienced a significant reduction in fatigue and painful spasms, an improvement in thinking, memory, attention and hand function, and increased productivity at work. There was also reduced disease activity on his MRI brain scan. At the latest follow-up Gary also had improvement in leg movement.
http://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/queensland-researchers-make-major-breakthrough-ms-treatment
Methods: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunity to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, and T cell immunity was assessed using enzyme linked immunospot assays to measure the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) producing interferon γ in response to autologous EBV infected B cell lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) in 34 EBV seropositive healthy subjects and 34 EBV seropositive patients with MS who had not received immunomodulatory therapy in the previous 3 months.
Results: Patients with MS had increased levels of anti-EBNA1 IgG but a decreased frequency of LCL specific T cells compared with healthy subjects. Using purified populations of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, we showed that the LCL specific response resides predominantly in the CD8+ population, with a frequency 5–7-fold higher than in the CD4+ population. The decreased CD8+ T cell response to LCL in MS was not caused by decreased HLA class I expression by LCL, and LCL from MS patients could be killed normally by HLA matched EBV specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell clones from healthy subjects. Furthermore, the decreased CD8+ T cell immunity to EBV was not due to a primary defect in the function of CD8+ T cells because EBV specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lines could be generated normally from the PBMC of patients with MS.
Conclusion: This quantitative deficiency in CD8+ T cell immunity to EBV might be responsible for the accumulation of EBV infected B cells in the brains of patients with MS.
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/80/5/498
The above research was what has lead to the treatment of a previous link i have posted which involved taking the patients T-cells and growing them with an ebv vaccine and reinfusing this back into the patient.
Following the treatment, Gary experienced a significant reduction in fatigue and painful spasms, an improvement in thinking, memory, attention and hand function, and increased productivity at work. There was also reduced disease activity on his MRI brain scan. At the latest follow-up Gary also had improvement in leg movement.
http://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/queensland-researchers-make-major-breakthrough-ms-treatment