COVID-19 post vaccination neuronal adverse events: probable mechanisms and treatment possibilities

[SWAlexander]

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, a few cases of affected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological deficits were observed, but it was not until late 2020/early 2021 that these cases were validated as NeuroCOVID and SARS-CoV-2 were implicated in neuroinflammation and possible direct damage observed during COVID-19 [1]. During this period, multiple vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that prevented serious complications and reduced hospitalization were granted emergency use authorization and began to be rolled out worldwide. Problems have recently surfaced, however, as the incidence of neurological adverse effects (NAEs) and cardiovascular adverse effects with these vaccines are reported to be higher than has been previously observed with vaccines for other viral infection epidemics [2]. Incidences of Bell’s palsy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, optic neuritis and diverse peripheral nerve lesions along with cerebrovascular (non-neural causes) lesions have been reported following variable periods of COVID-19 vaccines [2,3]. Small fiber neuropathies following COVID-19 vaccination have also been reported [4,5]. Ramsey Hunt syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported to cause facial nerve palsy, vestibulocochlear neuropathy and glossopharyngeal nerve neuropathy, resulting in numbness of the face, tongue and hearing loss [5]. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis has also been observed after the first and second doses of the vaccine [6]. The emergence of post-COVID-19 vaccine autoimmune diseases has been co-reported with cases of neurological diseases or new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus which can evoke diverse NAEs [7]. NAEs are particularly concerning as their incidence continues to be difficult to quantify, and their underlying cause remains uncertain. Of the 314,610 adverse events following COVID vaccination recorded in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS; representing 0.10% of all doses administered) 105,214, or 33% were neurological adverse events representing 0.03% of all vaccine doses administered [8].
continue: https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/fvl-2023-0042

 

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