JaimeS
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A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Author(s) Leave a comment
Naomi Wong1, Thao Nguyen1, Ekua Weba Brenu1, Simon Broadley2,3, Donald Staines1,2, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik1,2
Affiliation(s):
1National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
2School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
3Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia.
ABSTRACT:
Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition that presents with a range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscular and joint pain, and may be immune-mediated. In particular, patients exhibit abnormal cytokine expression. Similarly, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients display neuroimmunological symptoms, and abnormal cytokine expression, with some overlap in symptomology with CFS/ME.
The purpose of this study was to compare Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in healthy controls, CFS/ME and MS patients.
Methods:
Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 16, mean age = 50 ± 11.85 years), CFS/ME patients (n = 16, mean age = 49.88 ± 9.54 years) and MS patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.75 ± 12.81 years). The concentrations of 27 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGF-bb, RANTES, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, VEGF and IL-15) were measured using a Bio-Plex Pro™ kit.
Results:
IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 were significantly higher in the serum of both CFS/ME and MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.041). However, only the MS patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-9, eotaxin, IL-10, MIP1α, basic FGF, GCSF and VEGF compared to the CFS/ME patients and controls (p ≤ 0.04).
There were no significant differences between groups for IL-8, MCP-1, MIP1β, RANTES, GMCSF, TNF-α, and IL-2.
Conclusion:
CFS/ME and MS patients both displayed abnormal cytokine levels, with dual expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Further research into cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5, with the use of a specific CFS/ME case definition and sensitive cytokine assays, is required to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of CFS/ME.
KEYWORDS
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Immunology, Cytokine
Cite this paper:
Wong, N. , Nguyen, T. , Brenu, E. , Broadley, S. , Staines, D. and Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2015) A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 769-783. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.610103.
Some of the spacing is mine, and the boldface is mine. I wanted to make it a wee bit easier for those of us with some focus issues to read and get the nuggets from it.
Appears to be a follow-up to the Hornig, but the number of patients in each group is pretty darned small... and they did NOT separate the groups into newer or older patient groups. In fact, it's pretty disappointing, because it does not appear on first glance that they addressed this at all; these patients could have been predominantly ill longer, or maybe shorter, or maybe it's an even mix... no way to tell. The fact that some cytokines are persistently elevated seems potentially interesting, but again, it's hard to say because it doesn't appear they took time into account.
Full text is available at the link.
-J
Author(s) Leave a comment
Naomi Wong1, Thao Nguyen1, Ekua Weba Brenu1, Simon Broadley2,3, Donald Staines1,2, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik1,2
Affiliation(s):
1National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
2School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
3Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia.
ABSTRACT:
Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition that presents with a range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscular and joint pain, and may be immune-mediated. In particular, patients exhibit abnormal cytokine expression. Similarly, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients display neuroimmunological symptoms, and abnormal cytokine expression, with some overlap in symptomology with CFS/ME.
The purpose of this study was to compare Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in healthy controls, CFS/ME and MS patients.
Methods:
Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 16, mean age = 50 ± 11.85 years), CFS/ME patients (n = 16, mean age = 49.88 ± 9.54 years) and MS patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.75 ± 12.81 years). The concentrations of 27 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGF-bb, RANTES, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, VEGF and IL-15) were measured using a Bio-Plex Pro™ kit.
Results:
IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 were significantly higher in the serum of both CFS/ME and MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.041). However, only the MS patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-9, eotaxin, IL-10, MIP1α, basic FGF, GCSF and VEGF compared to the CFS/ME patients and controls (p ≤ 0.04).
There were no significant differences between groups for IL-8, MCP-1, MIP1β, RANTES, GMCSF, TNF-α, and IL-2.
Conclusion:
CFS/ME and MS patients both displayed abnormal cytokine levels, with dual expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Further research into cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5, with the use of a specific CFS/ME case definition and sensitive cytokine assays, is required to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of CFS/ME.
KEYWORDS
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Immunology, Cytokine
Cite this paper:
Wong, N. , Nguyen, T. , Brenu, E. , Broadley, S. , Staines, D. and Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (2015) A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 769-783. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.610103.
Some of the spacing is mine, and the boldface is mine. I wanted to make it a wee bit easier for those of us with some focus issues to read and get the nuggets from it.
Appears to be a follow-up to the Hornig, but the number of patients in each group is pretty darned small... and they did NOT separate the groups into newer or older patient groups. In fact, it's pretty disappointing, because it does not appear on first glance that they addressed this at all; these patients could have been predominantly ill longer, or maybe shorter, or maybe it's an even mix... no way to tell. The fact that some cytokines are persistently elevated seems potentially interesting, but again, it's hard to say because it doesn't appear they took time into account.
Full text is available at the link.
-J
Last edited: