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    Created in 2008, Phoenix Rising is the largest and oldest forum dedicated to furthering the understanding of, and finding treatments for, complex chronic illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), fibromyalgia, long COVID, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and allied diseases.

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  1. GreenEdge

    Carbohydrate-Insulin Model of Obesity: Beyond ‘Calories In, Calories Out’

    The evidence as I see it: Type 1 diabetes - in this condition, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Before the invention of synthetic human insulin in 1978, this was a fatal condition due to chronic hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) causes β-cell defects by the excess accumulation of...
  2. SNT Gatchaman

    FGF21 induces PGC-1⍺ and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response (Potthoff et al, 2009)

    FGF21 induces PGC-1⍺ and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response Matthew J. Potthoff, Takeshi Inagaki, Santhosh Satapati, Xunshan Ding, Tianteng He, Regina Goetz, Moosa Mohammadi, Brian N. Finck, David J. Mangelsdorf, Steven A. Kliewer, Shawn C...
  3. SNT Gatchaman

    Understanding the Physiology of FGF21 (Fisher and Maratos-Flier, 2015)

    Understanding the Physiology of FGF21 Ffolliott Martin Fisher and Eleftheria Maratos-Flier Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that is synthesized by several organs and regulates energy homeostasis. Excitement surrounding this relatively recently identified hormone is based...