carbohydrate

The evidence as I see it: Type 1 diabetes - in this condition, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Before the invention of synthetic human insulin in 1978, this was a fatal condition due to chronic hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) causes β-cell defects by the excess accumulation of...

Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism Rabinowitz JD, Enerbäck S Lactate, perhaps the best-known metabolic waste product, was first isolated from sour milk, in which it is produced by lactobacilli. Whereas microbes also generate other fermentation products, such as ethanol or acetone...

FGF21 induces PGC-1⍺ and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response Matthew J. Potthoff, Takeshi Inagaki, Santhosh Satapati, Xunshan Ding, Tianteng He, Regina Goetz, Moosa Mohammadi, Brian N. Finck, David J. Mangelsdorf, Steven A. Kliewer, Shawn C...