Dimethyl fumarate is an investigational oral therapy in Phase III clinical development as a monotherapy for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common form of MS, and in Phase II clinical development for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It cuts the relapse rate by 51% if given 3 times a day. It's an oral medicine with relatively little side effects.
The reason why dimethyl fumarate could be interesting for ME is of it's following characteristics;
- It induces Nrf2
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) is a master regulator that induces a battery of cytoprotective genes including antioxidative enzymes, anti-inflammatory mediators, the proteasome, and several transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathioneS-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH.
-Inhibition of NfkappaB
According to Dr.Maes ME is an inflammatory disease, cause by to upregulation of NfKappaB, wich regulates inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators.
-Decreases the amount of NO in microglial cells and astrocytes.
- See Palls' theory; high NO levels in the central nervous system in turn lead to elevated levels of peroxynitrite, which causes tissue damage, etc...)
The product is for sale in the Netherlands (and maybe some other countries as well) as an anti-psorasis agent.
There are also specific Nrf2 inducers in the pipeline, for diabetec nefropathy and other diseases. I think the Nrf2 pathway is very interesting and activators of this warrant close follow up.
A huge amount of diseases are linked to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; Alzheimers Disease, Parkinson, cancer, Cardiovascular diseases and many more.
Maybye some they we will some day also be able to benefit from medications designed for those diseases.
The reason why dimethyl fumarate could be interesting for ME is of it's following characteristics;
- It induces Nrf2
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) is a master regulator that induces a battery of cytoprotective genes including antioxidative enzymes, anti-inflammatory mediators, the proteasome, and several transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathioneS-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH.
-Inhibition of NfkappaB
According to Dr.Maes ME is an inflammatory disease, cause by to upregulation of NfKappaB, wich regulates inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators.
-Decreases the amount of NO in microglial cells and astrocytes.
- See Palls' theory; high NO levels in the central nervous system in turn lead to elevated levels of peroxynitrite, which causes tissue damage, etc...)
The product is for sale in the Netherlands (and maybe some other countries as well) as an anti-psorasis agent.
There are also specific Nrf2 inducers in the pipeline, for diabetec nefropathy and other diseases. I think the Nrf2 pathway is very interesting and activators of this warrant close follow up.
A huge amount of diseases are linked to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; Alzheimers Disease, Parkinson, cancer, Cardiovascular diseases and many more.
Maybye some they we will some day also be able to benefit from medications designed for those diseases.