Thomas Kuhn distinguishes between what he calls normal and extraordinary science, the latter being the type that brings about a complete change—the famed "paradigm shift"—in a field. Which one do you think describes your work? One can arrive at new ideas and theories and solutions without ushering in a whole new paradigm, after all.
It was definitely a paradigm shift, because it got this stress thing debunked. And the implications of that are much bigger: What else is supposedly caused by stress that we can debunk? A lot of these things that are supposedly caused by stress, you try to track down the reason for that link, and there isn't one,
except the fact that we don't have any better cause. Everything that's supposedly caused by stress, I tell people there's a Nobel Prize there if you find out the real cause.
So that's one thing that happened. The second thing is that by 1980, everyone was feeling pretty confident that infectious diseases were going to be wiped out and there wasn't going to be any more problem with them.
H1N1 is enough to wake us up to the fact that we don't know everything about infectious disease, but it really happened with
Helicobacter first. People had been seriously studying ulcers for 50 years, billions of dollars were spent, and then
—what do you know, it's a bacteria. So you have to ask,
what other infectious diseases are we missing? I reckon a lot of these mysterious chronic diseases are related to some infectious agent that's been a trigger. It might have happened when you were a child and now it [the infectious agent] is long gone, but it sets you up for a problem later in life. We'll see if I'm right.