https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2019/11/11/somatization-myth-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
Ending the Somatization Myth in ME/CFS (or “Who’s the Deluded One Now”?)
by Cort Johnson | Nov 11, 2019 | Fibromyalgia and Pain, Homepage, Psychiatry | 102 comments
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The first implication to draw from this study is that ME/CFS is not a somatization disorder. Somatization disorders occur when a person believes that what are, in fact, psychiatric symptoms have a physical cause (and goes doctor shopping.)
Given that interpretation, it’s not surprising that the idiopathic or medically unexplained symptoms in ME/CFS have led to a rather rich history of psychiatrists attempting to define ME/CFS as a somatization disorder. The increased rates of depression found in ME/CFS have many times been cited as a reason to regard ME/CFS as one.
Back in 1991, a large study published in the American Medical Journal, which undoubtedly got a lot of attention, asserted that ME/CFS was a somatization disorder. In 1996, Natelson argued that few ME/CFS patients met the strict criteria for somatization disorder and showed that the interpretation one made of the symptoms in ME/CFS (physical vs psychiatric) played a critical role in the diagnosis.
In a very long 1997 review, “Chronic fatigue syndrome: a 20th century illness“, Simon Wessely put ME/CFS with other somatization disorders. A 2007 German study, co-authored by Trudy Chalder, suggested that ME/CFS substantially overlapped with somatization disorder.
Since then, Maes has several times argued for a biological cause to the seemingly “somatic” symptoms found in ME/CFS, and a 2019 study, which assessed “illusory mental health” (people who thought they were mentally well but were not), found no evidence of increased IMH in ME/CFS and concluded that ME/CFS is not a somatization disorder.
Since somatization is by definition a psychiatric disorder masquerading in the patients’ mind as a physical disorder, the presence of a mood disorder should magnify the patients’ symptoms greatly. Natelson et. al. pointed out that studies indicate that mood disorders are “illness multipliers” in somatization disorders; i.e. they make them worse.
But not in ME/CFS. Having a past or present mood disorder didn’t make any of the symptoms associated with ME/CFS worse. (It did, however, make the symptoms associated with mood disorders worse.) Since having a mood disorder didn’t increase any of the symptoms associated with ME/CFS, ME/CFS is, by definition, not a somatization disorder.