- Messages
- 33
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38266651/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000346#bib111
TLDR
1st study
IAA disrupts gut cell mitochondria from utilizing glutamine -> ketogluterate to produce energy. IAA is heightened in many chronic illnesses and is induced by stress via microbiome changes. This is why l-glutamine might not work or work poorly to repair gut lining. Alpha ketoglutarate bypasses the glutamine->ketoglutarate step that is disrupted and is thus superior supplement.
2nd study.
Ketoglutarate good for inflammation and gut lining. Potentially bad microbiome effects when combined with just water (increases Bacteroides). Good microbiome effects when water contains allicin (increases firmicutes). So, a good potential combo is allicin + calcium AKG. Alternative it has good microbiome changes when it is part of food and not just water. So, taking it with food is also good.
My educated guess is this supplement should replace the other gut lining supplements people take (at least glutamine). I've just started taking it today so can't comment on the effects.
"Psychological stress-triggered sympathetic output enriches gut commensal Lactobacillus murinus, increasing the production of indole-3-acetate (IAA), which contributes to a transferrable loss of intestinal secretory cells. Bacterial IAA disrupts ISC mitochondrial bioenergetics and thereby prevents secretory lineage commitment in a cell-intrinsic manner. Oral α-ketoglutarate supplementation bolsters ISC differentiation and confers resilience to stress-triggered intestinal epithelial injury."
"AKG supplementation restored intestinal IL-10 concentrations in piglets challenged with LPS [69]. In LPS-challenged piglets, dietary AKG promoted regulatory T cell differentiation and suppressed Th17 cell differentiation in the intestine"
"In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties and regulation of gut microbiota, AKG enhances barrier function by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins"
"In contrast, in pigs, a diet supplemented with 1.0% AKG in combination with allicin resulted in higher abundance of Firmicutes and reduced Bacteroidetes in cecum content"
"AKG exerts immunomodulatory effects, downregulating proinflammatory cytokine production and shifting macrophage polarization away from the proinflammatory M1 state. It further safeguards the intestinal epithelium against damage by upregulating antioxidant pathways. AKG mitigates dysfunctional signaling, including aberrant proliferation and downregulation of tight junction proteins. In addition, AKG alters metabolic pathways, gene methylation status, and the microbiome, but additional investigation is warranted to fully understand how these contribute to the beneficial effects of AKG"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000346#bib111
TLDR
1st study
IAA disrupts gut cell mitochondria from utilizing glutamine -> ketogluterate to produce energy. IAA is heightened in many chronic illnesses and is induced by stress via microbiome changes. This is why l-glutamine might not work or work poorly to repair gut lining. Alpha ketoglutarate bypasses the glutamine->ketoglutarate step that is disrupted and is thus superior supplement.
2nd study.
Ketoglutarate good for inflammation and gut lining. Potentially bad microbiome effects when combined with just water (increases Bacteroides). Good microbiome effects when water contains allicin (increases firmicutes). So, a good potential combo is allicin + calcium AKG. Alternative it has good microbiome changes when it is part of food and not just water. So, taking it with food is also good.
My educated guess is this supplement should replace the other gut lining supplements people take (at least glutamine). I've just started taking it today so can't comment on the effects.
"Psychological stress-triggered sympathetic output enriches gut commensal Lactobacillus murinus, increasing the production of indole-3-acetate (IAA), which contributes to a transferrable loss of intestinal secretory cells. Bacterial IAA disrupts ISC mitochondrial bioenergetics and thereby prevents secretory lineage commitment in a cell-intrinsic manner. Oral α-ketoglutarate supplementation bolsters ISC differentiation and confers resilience to stress-triggered intestinal epithelial injury."
"AKG supplementation restored intestinal IL-10 concentrations in piglets challenged with LPS [69]. In LPS-challenged piglets, dietary AKG promoted regulatory T cell differentiation and suppressed Th17 cell differentiation in the intestine"
"In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties and regulation of gut microbiota, AKG enhances barrier function by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins"
"In contrast, in pigs, a diet supplemented with 1.0% AKG in combination with allicin resulted in higher abundance of Firmicutes and reduced Bacteroidetes in cecum content"
"AKG exerts immunomodulatory effects, downregulating proinflammatory cytokine production and shifting macrophage polarization away from the proinflammatory M1 state. It further safeguards the intestinal epithelium against damage by upregulating antioxidant pathways. AKG mitigates dysfunctional signaling, including aberrant proliferation and downregulation of tight junction proteins. In addition, AKG alters metabolic pathways, gene methylation status, and the microbiome, but additional investigation is warranted to fully understand how these contribute to the beneficial effects of AKG"