Candida as a possible contributor to onset of Parkinson's Disease

[Violeta]

Chronically elevated levels of acetaldehyde in patients with CPC might participate in the formation of salsolinol and its metabolites in the brain contributing to the destruction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra.

Chronic polysystemic candidiasis as a possible contributor to onset of idiopathic Parkinson's disease​

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17051898/

Salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), a derivate of dopamine, is suspected to be the most probable neurotoxin in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

In the mammalian brain, salsolinol may be enzymatically synthesized by salsolinol synthase from dopamine and acetaldehyde.

In the presence of acetaldehyde dopamine is converted into salsolinol, a neurotoxin involved in apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Increased production of acetaldehyde is associated with chronic polysystemic candidiasis (CPC). Chronically elevated levels of acetaldehyde in patients with CPC might participate in the formation of salsolinol and its metabolites in the brain contributing to the destruction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra.

 

[Violeta]

When cytochrome c was incubated with salsolinol, protein aggregation increased in a dosedependent manner.

The formation of carbonyl compounds and the release of iron were obtained in salsolinol- treated cytochrome c. Salsolinol also led to the release of iron from cytochrome c.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and iron specific chelator inhibited the salsolinol-mediated cytochrome c modification and carbonyl compound formation.

It is suggested that oxidative damage of cytochrome c by salsolinol might induce the increase of iron content in cells, subsequently leading to the deleterious condition which was observed.

This mechanism may, in part, provide an explanation for the deterioration of organs under neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23433116/

 

[Violeta]

Salsolinol causing parkinsonism activates endoplasmic reticulum-stress signaling pathways in human dopaminergic SK-N-SH cells​

Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease involve aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins such as alpha-synuclein. Endogenously occurring neurotoxins such as Salsolinol and 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) causing Parkinsonism may foster misfolded proteins and bring forth ER stress in dopaminergic neurons

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14739562/

 

[Tsukareta]

Then you'd expect to see a correlation with Parkinsons and high sugar / high carb diets right ? vs high in vegetables and meat. Unless some other factor in environment etc outweights the diet ?

 

[Violeta]

Then you'd expect to see a correlation with Parkinsons and high sugar / high carb diets right ? vs high in vegetables and meat. Unless some other factor in environment etc outweights the diet ?

Yes, yes. And I am just starting to look at the fact that thiamine is being used to treat Parkinson's. Let me think about that connection.

I have read a study where someone with Parkinson's was put on a keto type diet and improved, but didn't want to stay on it.

 

[Violeta]

Not sure where this fits into the picture with respect to Parkinson's, except something about the biotin receptor (biotinidase) in the gut and it's relationship to Thiamine. Let me get more on that.

Biotinidase deficiency is caused by a genetic issue, and is very severe. Biotin+thiamine is good for it. I wonder if the biotin receptor can be affected by something else.

Biotin deficiency can lead to skin rashes, hair loss, depression and lethargy, among other symptoms. It is particularly important for Candida sufferers because it prevents the Candida yeast cells from converting into the pathogenic, fungal form.

I just remembered that high doses of biotin have been used for treating multiple sclerosis, but also, a different doctor had found that high doses of thiamine is healing for it.

I read several sites yesterday that connected MS to candida.

 

[Violeta]

​

​

Oxidative modification of human ceruloplasmin induced by a catechol neurotoxin, salsolinol​

(In the mammalian brain, salsolinol may be enzymatically synthesized by salsolinol synthase from dopamine and acetaldehyde.)

Salsolinol (SAL), a compound derived from dopamine metabolism, is the most probable neurotoxin involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the modification and inactivation of human ceruloplasmin (hCP) induced by SAL.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4914212/

 

[Violeta]

Yes, yes. And I am just starting to look at the fact that thiamine is being used to treat Parkinson's. Let me think about that connection.

I have read a study where someone with Parkinson's was put on a keto type diet and improved, but didn't want to stay on it.

"Our body's defense mechanism against excess acetaldehyde is the amino acid l-cysteine and glutathione. These molecules, similarly to thiamine, contain a sulfhydryl group that is chemically active against aldehydes."