How about Fermented Payapa:
- FPP Papers on DNA damage and Anti-oxidation -
?Click the titles of the papers, and a new window will open to read the summary.
?Anti-oxidant effect
1). Nutraceutical Supplementation: Effect of a Fermented Papaya Preparation on Redox Status and DNA Damage in Healthy Elderly Individuals and Relationship with GSTM1 Genotype
F. MAROTTA, M. WEKSLER, Y. NAITO, C. YOSHIDA, M. YOSHIOKA, AND P. MARANDOLA,
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1067, 400-407 (2006)
The study was conducted on 54 elderly patients without major invalidating diseases for 3 months. The fermented papaya preparation (FPP)-supplemented group showed a decrease in 8-OHdG, which is a marker of lymphocyte DNA damage, and improvement in DNA adduct, which is a marker of cancer-causing risk. Especially a subgroup without GSTM1 gene, under FPP treatment, showed a significant decrease in 8-OHdG and DNA adduct.
2). Oxidative-inflammatory damage in cirrhosis: Effect of vitamin E and a fermented papaya preparation
Francesco Marotta, Chisato Yoshida, R Barreto, Yasuhiro Naito, E Fesce and Lester Packer,
J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 697-703 (2007)
The study was conducted on 50 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis for 6 months. The fermented papaya preparation (FPP)-supplemented group showed improvement in GSH?GPx?GSSG?MDA?serum TNF-??lymphocyte 8-OHdG and became close to the concentration level of a healthy person. Cirrhosis patients would develop liver cancer with continuous oxidative stress. The present data seem to suggest a potential supportive role of antioxidants/immunomodulators as FPP in cirrhosis patients.
3). Assessment of the effect of fermented papaya preparation on oxidative damage in spontaneously hypertensive rat brain using electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging and L-band ESR spectroscopy
Fumihiko Yoshino, Masaichi-Chang-il Lee, Kyo Kobayashi, Yuki Hayashi, Okezie I. Aruoma,
Journal of Functional Foods 1 , 375-380 (2009)
We measured free radicals in spontaneously hypertensive rat brain by using electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging and L-band ESR spectroscopy and got a result that FPP-supplemented rats showed quicker elimination of free radicals.
4). Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Red Blood Cells from Patients with ?-thalassemia Major and Intermedia and E-?-thalassemia Following Administration of a Fermented Papaya Preparation
Eitan Fibach, Ee-Shien Tan, Saumya Jamuar, Ivy Ng, Johnny Amer and Eliezer A. Rachmilewitz,
Phytother. Res. 24, 1334-1338 (2010)
The study was conducted on ?-thalassemia patients, who have genetic defects in blood, for 6 months. FPP treatment increased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in red blood cells (RBC), and decreased their reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We got the same results in the clinical trials in Israel, Singapore and Thai as well. It seems to suggest that FPP improves the oxidative states in the diseases mediated by oxidative stress such as thalassemia.
?Anti-inflammatory effect
1). Nutraceutical Strategy in Aging Targeting Heat Shock Protein and Inflammatory Profile through Understanding Interleukin-6 Polymorphism
F. MAROTTA, K. KOIKE, A. LORENZETTI, Y. NAITO, F. FAYET, H. SHIMIZU, AND P. MARANDOLA,
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1119, 196-202 (2007)
The study was conducted on 40 elderly, generally healthy subjects for 3 months. FPP treatment normalized the inflammatory parameters with a decrease of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-? and a rise of protective Heat Shock Protein such as Hsp70.
2). Improved Function of Diabetic Wound-Site Macrophages and Accelerated Wound Closure in Response to Oral Supplementation of a Fermented Papaya Preparation
Eric Collard and Sashwati Roy,
Antioxid. Redox Signal. 13, 599-606 (2010)
Eight weeks of oral FPP supplementation to diabetic(db/db) mice resulted in attenuation in the gain of blood glucose without any effects on body weight gain, including lower LDL, TGL and Total cholesterol levels and an increase in HDL levels. FPP-supplemented mice showed a significant increase in the rate of wound closure and wound angiogenesis. Also, the iNOS and VEGF gene expression were markedly upregulated in the wounds. These results suggest that FPP could activate the macrophage function which is associated with wound closure and accelerate time to recover from the wound.
?Gene Expression
1). Regulating Redox Balance Gene Expression in Healthy Individuals by Nutraceuticals: A Pilot Study
Francesco Marotta, Keiko Koike, Aldo Lorenzetti, Shalini Jain, Paola Signorelli, Yussef Metugriachuk, Pierre Mantello, and Nicola Locorotondo,
Rejuvenat Res. 13, 175-178 (2010)
The study was conducted on 11 healthy, nonsmoking, teetotaler individuals who do not take any vitamins or supplements for 4 weeks. The redox status was assessed by expression level of genes which produce GPx?SOD?hOGG1. At 2-week observation, FPP brought about a significant upregulation of all gene expressions in leucocyte related to immune system, and remained stable during the rest of testing time. This may suggest that FPP can regulate the functions of immune system and anti-oxidant action.
?Reference Review Article
1). Applications and bioefficacy of the functional food supplement fermented papaya preparation.
OI. Aruoma, Y. Hayashi, F. Marotta, P. Mantello, E. Rachmilewitz, L. Montagnier
Toxicology. 2010 Nov 28;278(1):6-16. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) (a product of yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn) is a food supplement. Studies in chronic and degenerative disease conditions (such as thalassemia, cirrhosis, diabetes and aging) and performance sports show that FPP favorably modulates immunological, hematological, inflammatory, vascular and oxidative stress damage parameters. Neuroprotective potential evaluated in an Alzheimer's disease cell model showed that the toxicity of the ?-amyloid can be significantly modulated by FPP. Oxidative stress trigger apoptotic pathways such as the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are preferentially activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress resulting in cell differentiation and apoptosis. FPP modulated the H?O?-induced ERK, Akt and p38 activation with the reduction of p38 phosphorylation induced by H?O?. FPP reduces the extent of the H?O?-induced DNA damage, an outcome corroborated by similar effects obtained in the benzo[a]pyrene treated cells. No genotoxic effect was observed in experiments with FPP exposed to HepG2 cells nor was FPP toxic to the PC12 cells. Oxidative stress-induced cell damage and inflammation are implicated in a variety of cancers, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative disorders (such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease), exercise physiology (including performance sports) and aging. These conditions could potentially benefit from functional nutraceutical/food supplements and fermented papaya preparation) exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunostimulatory (at the level of the mucus membrane) and induction of antioxidant enzymes.