- Messages
- 48
- Location
- The Netherlands
Just after an impressive interview with Mark Vink had been published in De Volkskrant (one of our national newspapers) prof. Gijs Bleijenberg published a mailing to the press stating the following:
Cognitive behavioural therapy is still an effective treatment, even the preferential treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
Gijs Bleijenberg (emeritus professor at the Radboudmc and former head of the Dutch Expert Centre for Chronic Fatigue
At the moment of my writing there is much debate about the PACE-trial, a study from 2011 published in the Lancet regarding the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt) for cfs/ME patients. The authors concluded that cbt lead to decreased levels of fatigue and all over improvement of well being. Based on a supplementary analysis they concluded that a subgroup of patients made a full recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome. Not everybody endorses these conclusions, however their objections are mostly baseless.
(Meta)analysis
The effectiveness of a treatment for a particular disease can not be concluded based on a single study. Multiple, carefully controlled impact studies, that point in the same direction, have to be carried out. Several meta-analyses have been in published in peer-reviewed magazines, that subscribe the effectiveness of cbt for cfs/ME patients by analyzing multiple studies. These meta-analyses concluded that cbt lead to a decrease in fatigue and disabilities in cfs/ME patients (Castell et al, 2011; Malouff et al 2008; Price et al, 2008).
Since the latest meta-analysis new impact studies haven arisen. All these studies, exempt one, show a positive effect of cbt on fatigue and disabilities. The prevailing guideline in The Netherlands, drawn up by various professional associations including the VGCt, subscribe to cbt being the number one treatment for cfs/ME in The Netherlands. The debate regarding the PACE trial has not affected this guideline.
Positive effects of cbt
The protocol used in The Netherlands was developed by the Dutch expert centre for chronic fatigue (NKCV, www.nkcv.nl; Knoop and Bleijenberg, 2010). The NKVC reviewed the effects of this treatment on adolescents with cfs (individual face-to-face therapy and online cbt) and on adults (individual therapy, group therapy, instructed self-treatment, stepped care and internet therapy) with several randomized and controlled trials.
One controlled, non-randomized study showed no effect of cbt as a group therapy. Six other randomized controlled trials showed a positive effect of cbt on fatigue and disabilities (see references). One subgroup of patients completely recovers from cfs, the majority benefits from it. A seventh study, a study measuring the effect of internet cbt on adults, has been completed. The results of this study will be announced in the near future.
Three Dutch implementation studies were published, including a randomized controlled trial, that show cbt for cfs/ME can be effectively administered in the mainstream mental health care, outside of a specialized treatment center for fatigue.
It is difficult to imagine how people can conclude cbt for cfs/ME is in fact not effective.
References
Castell BD, Kazantzis N, Moss-Morris RE. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Graded Exercise forChronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Psychol Sci Prac 18:
311–324, 2011
Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Het chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom: behandelprotocol cognitieve gedragstherapie voor CVS. Houten: Bohn, Stafleu en van Loghum 2010
Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Rooke SE, Bhullar, N, Schutte NS: Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28:736-745
Price JR, Mitchell E, Tidy E. & Hunot V. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, 2008
Richtlijn Chronisch Vermoeidheidssyndroom: http://nkcv.nl/app/uploads/2015/10/richtlijn-chronisch-vermoeidheidssyndroom-cvs.pdf
Bazelmans E, Prins JB, Lulofs R, van der Meer JWM, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour group therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: a wait-list controlled study. Psychother Psychsom 2005; 74, 218-24
RCT’s
Prins JB, Bleijenberg G, Bazelmans E, Elving LD, de Boo TM, Severens JL, van der Wilt GJ, Spinhoven P, van der Meer JW. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9259):841-7
Stulemeijer M, de Jong LW, Fiselier TJ, Hoogveld SW, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial.BMJ. 2005;330(7481):14
Knoop H, Van der Meer JWM, Bleijenberg G. The effectiveness of self-instructions for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008; 193: 340-341
Tummers M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Effectiveness of stepped care for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized non-inferiority trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2010; 78:724-731
Nijhof SL, Bleijenberg G, Uiterwaal CS, Kimpen JL, van de Putte EM. Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (FITNET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012 , 14;379(9824):1412-8
Wiborg JF, van Bussel J, van Dijk A, Bleijenberg G, Knoop H. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy delivered in groups of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(6):368-76
Janse A, Worm-Smeitink M, Bussel-Lagarde J, Bleijenberg G, Nikolaus S, Knoop H. Testing the efficacy of web-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adult patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CBIT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2015;15:137
Implementatie
Scheeres K, Wensing M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Implementing cognitive behavioral therapy for CFS in a MHC: a Benchmarking Evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2008; 76:163-171
Tummers M, Knoop H, Van Dam A, Bleijenberg G. Implementing a Minimal Intervention for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a Mental Health Centre: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychological Medicine 2012;42:2205-15
Wiborg JF, Wensing M, Tummers M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Implementing evidence-based practice for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Psychol Psychother 2014;21:108-14
Cognitive behavioural therapy is still an effective treatment, even the preferential treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
Gijs Bleijenberg (emeritus professor at the Radboudmc and former head of the Dutch Expert Centre for Chronic Fatigue
At the moment of my writing there is much debate about the PACE-trial, a study from 2011 published in the Lancet regarding the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt) for cfs/ME patients. The authors concluded that cbt lead to decreased levels of fatigue and all over improvement of well being. Based on a supplementary analysis they concluded that a subgroup of patients made a full recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome. Not everybody endorses these conclusions, however their objections are mostly baseless.
(Meta)analysis
The effectiveness of a treatment for a particular disease can not be concluded based on a single study. Multiple, carefully controlled impact studies, that point in the same direction, have to be carried out. Several meta-analyses have been in published in peer-reviewed magazines, that subscribe the effectiveness of cbt for cfs/ME patients by analyzing multiple studies. These meta-analyses concluded that cbt lead to a decrease in fatigue and disabilities in cfs/ME patients (Castell et al, 2011; Malouff et al 2008; Price et al, 2008).
Since the latest meta-analysis new impact studies haven arisen. All these studies, exempt one, show a positive effect of cbt on fatigue and disabilities. The prevailing guideline in The Netherlands, drawn up by various professional associations including the VGCt, subscribe to cbt being the number one treatment for cfs/ME in The Netherlands. The debate regarding the PACE trial has not affected this guideline.
Positive effects of cbt
The protocol used in The Netherlands was developed by the Dutch expert centre for chronic fatigue (NKCV, www.nkcv.nl; Knoop and Bleijenberg, 2010). The NKVC reviewed the effects of this treatment on adolescents with cfs (individual face-to-face therapy and online cbt) and on adults (individual therapy, group therapy, instructed self-treatment, stepped care and internet therapy) with several randomized and controlled trials.
One controlled, non-randomized study showed no effect of cbt as a group therapy. Six other randomized controlled trials showed a positive effect of cbt on fatigue and disabilities (see references). One subgroup of patients completely recovers from cfs, the majority benefits from it. A seventh study, a study measuring the effect of internet cbt on adults, has been completed. The results of this study will be announced in the near future.
Three Dutch implementation studies were published, including a randomized controlled trial, that show cbt for cfs/ME can be effectively administered in the mainstream mental health care, outside of a specialized treatment center for fatigue.
It is difficult to imagine how people can conclude cbt for cfs/ME is in fact not effective.
References
Castell BD, Kazantzis N, Moss-Morris RE. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Graded Exercise forChronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Psychol Sci Prac 18:
311–324, 2011
Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Het chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom: behandelprotocol cognitieve gedragstherapie voor CVS. Houten: Bohn, Stafleu en van Loghum 2010
Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Rooke SE, Bhullar, N, Schutte NS: Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28:736-745
Price JR, Mitchell E, Tidy E. & Hunot V. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, 2008
Richtlijn Chronisch Vermoeidheidssyndroom: http://nkcv.nl/app/uploads/2015/10/richtlijn-chronisch-vermoeidheidssyndroom-cvs.pdf
Bazelmans E, Prins JB, Lulofs R, van der Meer JWM, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour group therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: a wait-list controlled study. Psychother Psychsom 2005; 74, 218-24
RCT’s
Prins JB, Bleijenberg G, Bazelmans E, Elving LD, de Boo TM, Severens JL, van der Wilt GJ, Spinhoven P, van der Meer JW. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9259):841-7
Stulemeijer M, de Jong LW, Fiselier TJ, Hoogveld SW, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial.BMJ. 2005;330(7481):14
Knoop H, Van der Meer JWM, Bleijenberg G. The effectiveness of self-instructions for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 2008; 193: 340-341
Tummers M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Effectiveness of stepped care for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized non-inferiority trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2010; 78:724-731
Nijhof SL, Bleijenberg G, Uiterwaal CS, Kimpen JL, van de Putte EM. Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (FITNET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012 , 14;379(9824):1412-8
Wiborg JF, van Bussel J, van Dijk A, Bleijenberg G, Knoop H. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy delivered in groups of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(6):368-76
Janse A, Worm-Smeitink M, Bussel-Lagarde J, Bleijenberg G, Nikolaus S, Knoop H. Testing the efficacy of web-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adult patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CBIT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2015;15:137
Implementatie
Scheeres K, Wensing M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Implementing cognitive behavioral therapy for CFS in a MHC: a Benchmarking Evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2008; 76:163-171
Tummers M, Knoop H, Van Dam A, Bleijenberg G. Implementing a Minimal Intervention for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a Mental Health Centre: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychological Medicine 2012;42:2205-15
Wiborg JF, Wensing M, Tummers M, Knoop H, Bleijenberg G. Implementing evidence-based practice for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Psychol Psychother 2014;21:108-14