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Magnesium lithospermate B and rosmarinic acid have potent antiviral activity against enterovirus 71

Hip

Senior Member
Messages
17,824
Thanks for alerting me to that study, @pattismith.

Although this study finds rosmarinic acid (which is available as a supplement) and magnesium lithospermate B potent antivirals for enterovirus 71, note that this is an in vitro study.

I've looked at many of these in vitro studies of antiviral compounds, and what you usually find is that the concentrations used in vitro cannot be obtained in vivo, because even at the maximum safe oral dose, the blood and tissue concentration achieved is too low to match the in vitro study. So usually the antiviral is potent in vitro, but not effective in vivo.

In this case, I did a quick calculation on rosmarinic acid, and found that it's in vivo potency is very poor.

Note also that antivirals which are effective against enterovirus 71 will not necessarily work for the enteroviruses found in ME/CFS (coxsackievirus B and echovirus).


I compiled a long list of enterovirus antiviral compounds in this post, but most of these compounds unfortunately suffer from the same problem: they are potent in vitro, but not in vivo, because you cannot achieve high enough concentrations in vivo.
 

pattismith

Senior Member
Messages
3,930
It's interesting that a component of this plant has properties to reduce NF kappaB after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improve red cell deformability...

[Effects of tanshinone- II A sulfonate on expression of nuclear factor-kappaB, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and hemorrheology during spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury].
[Article in Chinese]
Zhang L1, An GY, Zhang WG, Chen K.
2012
1Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of TCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 351008, Fujian, China. zhangli1626@163.com
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To observe effects of Tanshinone- II A sulfonate on expression of Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and hemorrheology during spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury,and explore the function and mechnism.

METHODS:
Fifty-four New Zealand rabbits (aged 3 months,weighted 2.0 +/- 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into 6 in sham group (lumbar artery were separated in operation,0.8 ml/kg saline were injected at 0.5 h before and after operation), 24 in ischemia group ( lumbar artery were clipped after seperation, and the same dose of saline), 24 in Tanshinone group (lumbar artery were clipped after seperation, and the same dose of Tanshinone- II A sulfonate) . Abdomincal aorta blood were drawed after treatment respectively at 0.5 h, 1 h, 4 h and 8 h, and tesetd whole blood viscosity [high cut (mpa.s)/150(l/s), middle cut (mpa.s)/60(l/s) and low cut (mpa.s)/10(l/s)], capillary plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation index, rigid index, deformation index and electrophoresis index. Spinal cord tissues were divided into two sections,one fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, another stored in liquid nitrogen. Immunohistochemical method and ELISA were used to test change of content of NF-kappaB and VCAM-1.

RESULTS:
1) The expression of NF-kappaB in Tanshinone group were lowest, and in ischemia group were highest. 2) Compared with sham group, VCAM-1 in ischemia group at different time were obviously increased,especially at 0.5, 1 and 4 h (P<0.01), and had meaning at 8 h (P<0.05). Compare between Tanshinone group and ischemia group, VCAM-1 at 0.5 h were obviously decreased (P<0.01), and had meaning at 1 h, 4 h and 8 h (P<0.05). 3) There were no postive vasvular expression in sham group, and at 0.5 h in Tanshinone group and ischemia group. The highest postive vasvular expression in ischemia group were at 1 h, 4 h and 8 h, and had significant meaning at 1 h and 4 h between ischemia group and Tanshinone group (P<0.05), and 8 h were obviously most. 4) The whole blood viscosity in ischemia group at 10 s(-1), 60 s(-1), 150 s(-1) were highest, and capillary viscosity increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). While capillary viscosity, red cell aggregation index, figid index, deformation index in Tanshinone group decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:
Tanshinone-II A sulfonate can relieve spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating expression of NF-kappaB, VCAM-1, decreasing whole blood viscosity, capillary plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation index, rigid index, and improve hemorhelogy.