Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation 2023

[pattismith]

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation (mdpi.com)

Italy

We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1).

Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism.

Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.

 

[pattismith]

Iron regulation has a complex interaction with covid, not fully understood.

For example, Hepcidin role in the covid is under investigation:

Biophysical Insight into the SARS-CoV2 Spike–ACE2 Interaction and Its Modulation by Hepcidin through a Multifaceted Computational Approach | ACS Omega
(international research)

Hepcidin, as often happens in pharmacology, while exerting a possible antagonist role in spike protein receptor binding (therapeutic effect), plays at the same time a crucial role in the iron balance of blood cells, and this implies any alteration of hepcidin concentration can result in a risk of blood clotting.

In a similar vein, the structural (and sequence) similarities of spike protein segments with hepcidin offer a possible explanation to COVID19 pathogenesis as well as to the rare thrombotic cases associated with vaccination.

This author suggests Molecular mimicry of the Spike protein with Hepcidin is responsible for Covid Severity:

Iron dysregulation in COVID‐19 and reciprocal evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2: Natura nihil frustra facit - Gupta - 2022 - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Wiley Online Library
(USA)

 

[SWAlexander]

In the last two weeks, friends and I found more shocking revelations about C19.
Here just a few links:

SARS-CoV-2 infection of thymus induces loss of function that correlates with disease severity
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674923001471

Lymphocytopenia https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23014-lymphocytopenia

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and genomic sequences in human brainstem nuclei
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41531-023-00467-3