JR, you might be interested in formulation of the MS diagnostic criteria. Good model, excellent documentation:
Series of published MS Diagnostic Criteria each new one incorporating new MS research developments over time:
Schumacher Criteria 1965
Poser Criteria 1983
McDonald Criteria 2001
Revised McDonald 2005
Revised revised McDonald 2010
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/search-results/index.aspx?q=diagnostic criteria&start=0&num=20&x=19&y=14
This might interest you: composition of the 2001 McDonald Criteria International Committee of 16 members:
15 of the 16 panel members (94% of the total committee) were MD neurologists, clinicians & researchers, who specialized in MS; and
1 of the 16 panel members (6% of the total committee) was a PhD neuroscientist specializing in MS, VP of Research Programs at the National MS Society.
All were MS experts.
Medical specialty societies are frequently involved in the development of guidelines & criteria.
Aside, one MD neurologist worked at NIH, NINDS, on MS research.