adverse metabolic effects of branched-chain amino acids are mediated by isoleucine and valine , Yu et al 2021

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Cell Metab
2021 Apr 16;S1550-4131(21)00166-2.
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.025.
Online ahead of print.


The adverse metabolic effects of branched-chain amino acids are mediated by isoleucine and valine

Deyang Yu 1 ,
Nicole E Richardson 2 ,
Cara L Green 3 ,
Alexandra B Spicer 4 ,
Michaela E Murphy 5 ,
Victoria Flores 5 ,
Cholsoon Jang 6 ,
Ildiko Kasza 7 ,
Maria Nikodemova 4 ,
Matthew H Wakai 3 ,
Jay L Tomasiewicz 8 ,
Shany E Yang 3 ,
Blake R Miller 3 ,
Heidi H Pak 3 ,
Jacqueline A Brinkman 3 ,
Jennifer M Rojas 9 ,
William J Quinn 3rd 9 ,
Eunhae P Cheng 3 ,
Elizabeth N Konon 3 ,
Lexington R Haider 3 ,
Megan Finke 3 ,
Michelle Sonsalla 3 ,
Caroline M Alexander 7 ,
Joshua D Rabinowitz 10 ,
Joseph A Baur 9 ,
Kristen C Malecki 4 ,
Dudley W Lamming 11

Affiliations

Abstract

Low-protein diets promote metabolic health in rodents and humans, and the benefits of low-protein diets are recapitulated by specifically reducing dietary levels of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Here, we demonstrate that each BCAA has distinct metabolic effects.

A low isoleucine diet reprograms liver and adipose metabolism, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and ketogenesis and increasing energy expenditure, activating the FGF21-UCP1 axis. Reducing valine induces similar but more modest metabolic effects, whereas these effects are absent with low leucine.

Reducing isoleucine or valine rapidly restores metabolic health to diet-induced obese mice.

Finally, we demonstrate that variation in dietary isoleucine levels helps explain body mass index differences in humans. Our results reveal isoleucine as a key regulator of metabolic health and the adverse metabolic response to dietary BCAAs and suggest reducing dietary isoleucine as a new approach to treating and preventing obesity and diabetes.
 

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Biochemical Correlations with Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Detected by MR 2D Localized Correlated Spectroscopy - ARM - 2021 - Journal of Neuroimaging - Wiley Online Library

Compared to healthy controls, the RRMS group showed significantly higher fatigue and lower metabolic ratios for tyrosine, glutathione, homocarnosine (GSH+Hca), fucose-3, glutamine+glutamate (Glx), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), total choline, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA-2),
while increased levels for isoleucine and glucose (P ≤ .05).

Only GPC showed positive correlation with all fatigue domains.

On the other hand, Glx-upper, NAA-2, GSH+Hca, and fucose-3 showed negative correlations with all fatigue domains.

While tyrosine showed positive correlation with MFIS (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), cognitive fatigue was negatively correlated with total GSH .

No correlations were found between lesion load or brain volumes with fatigue score.
 
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