In vitro evaluation of antiviral and virucidal activity of a high molecular weight hyaluronic acid

[Gondwanaland]

In vitro evaluation of antiviral and virucidal activity of a high molecular weight hyaluronic acid
Virology Journal 2011 8:141
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-141

Abstract
Background
hyaluronic acid (HA), a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, is present in synovial fluid, vitreous humour serum and many connective tissues. Pharmaceutical preparations of HA are used in clinical practice for wound healing, joint pain, kerato-conjunctivitis, asthma, mouth care, oesophageal-reflux, and gastritis. Moreover, it is used as a filler to counteract ageing and facial lipoatrophy. Our study aims at investigating the in vitro antiviral activity of a high molecular weight HA.

Methods
the MTT test was used to rule out the potential toxic effects of HA on the different cell lines used in the antiviral assays. The antiviral activity of HA against Coxsackievirus B5, Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Mumps Virus, Adenovirus-5, Influenza Virus A/H1N1, Human Herpesvirus-6, Porcine Parvovirus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus was assessed by virus yield assays.

Results
the most effective inhibition was observed against Coxsackievirus B5, with 3Log reduction of the virus yield at 4 mg/ml, and a reduction of 3.5Log and 2Log, at 2 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively: the selectivity index was 16. Mumps virus was highly inhibited too showing a reduction of 1.7Log at 1 mg/ml and 1Log at 4 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml (selectivity index = 12). The selectivity index for Influenza Virus was 12 with the highest inhibition (1Log) observed at 4 mg/ml. Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and Porcine Parvovirus were mildly inhibited, whereas no antiviral activity was observed with respect to Adenovirus-5, Human Herpesvirus-6, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. No HA virucidal activity was ever observed against any of the viruses tested. Kinetic experiments showed that both Coxsackievirus B5 and Herpes simplex virus-1 replication were consistently inhibited, not influenced by the time of HA addition, during the virus replication cycle.

Conclusions
the spectrum of the antiviral activity exhibited by HA against both RNA and DNA viruses, known to have different structures (with or without envelope) and replication strategies, suggests a non specific mechanism of action, probably involving cell membrane-virus interaction steps. The results of the kinetic experiments support this hypothesis.

Free full paper

 

[Gondwanaland]

Herpes Virus Outbreaks After Dermal Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injections
Aesthetic Surgery Journal 32(6) 770–772 2012

Herpes virus outbreak after dermal filler injection is a rare but troublesome complication, caused by virus reactivation. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is often involved (according to data released by the FDA, the incidence does not exceed 1.45% of cases), whereas herpes zoster (HSZ) onsets are more rare.1 Many adverse effects after facial filler injections have been widely described and discussed by several authors,2,3 but the literature is scant regarding HSV and HZV reactivations after hyaluronic acid filler injections.

 

[Hip]

Hyaluronic acid is one of the enterovirus antiviral supplements and drugs listed on my post here.

The issue, though, with in vitro studies like this one is that they tell you the concentration that produces a potent antiviral effect in a cell line in vitro experiment, but the study does not tell you whether this same concentration can be obtained in vivo, in the blood and tissues, when the compound is taken orally.

If you can't obtain the same concentrations in the body, then you are not going to get any significant antiviral effect when you take the drug or supplement.

Whether you can obtain the same concentrations as were used in the in vitro study depends on factors such as the oral absorption and bioavailability of the drug or supplement. If the bioavailability is poor, then you may not be able to get high enough levels in the blood and tissues.

 

[Gondwanaland]

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/88990
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation
First published June 5, 2017

Abstract
Chronic viral infections are difficult to treat, and new approaches are needed, particularly those aimed at reducing reactivation by enhancing immune responses. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency and reactivates frequently, and breakthrough reactivation can occur despite suppressive antiviral therapy. Virus-specific T cells are important to control HSV, and proliferation of activated T cells requires increased metabolism of glutamine. Here, we found that supplementation with oral glutamine reduced virus reactivation in latently HSV-1–infected mice and HSV-2–infected guinea pigs. Transcriptome analysis of trigeminal ganglia from latently HSV-1–infected, glutamine-treated WT mice showed upregulation of several IFN-γ–inducible genes. In contrast to WT mice, supplemental glutamine was ineffective in reducing the rate of HSV-1 reactivation in latently HSV-1–infected IFN-γ–KO mice. Mice treated with glutamine also had higher numbers of HSV-specific IFN-γ–producing CD8 T cells in latently infected ganglia. Thus, glutamine may enhance the IFN-γ–associated immune response and reduce the rate of reactivation of latent virus infection.