Article didn't seem to be clear on how the children were exposed. It intimated car exhaust. Shows how much I know about nanotubes. I thought they were a very specialized material that wasn't used very much commercially because it was still in the experimental phase of research. Amazing though. I clipped this out of wiki:
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The toxicity of carbon nanotubes has been an important question in nanotechnology. As of 2007, such research had just begun. The data is still fragmentary and subject to criticism. Preliminary results highlight the difficulties in evaluating the toxicity of this heterogeneous material. Parameters such as structure, size
distribution,
surface area, surface chemistry,
surface charge, and
agglomeration state as well as purity of the samples, have considerable impact on the
reactivity of carbon nanotubes. However, available data clearly show that, under some conditions, nanotubes can cross membrane barriers, which suggests that, if raw materials reach the organs, they can induce harmful effects such as inflammatory and fibrotic reactions.
[72][73]
Under certain conditions CNTs can enter human cells and accumulate in the
cytoplasm, causing cell death.
[74]
Results of rodent studies collectively show that regardless of the process by which CNTs were synthesized and the types and amounts of metals they contained, CNTs were capable of producing
inflammation,
epithelioid granulomas (microscopic nodules),
fibrosis, and biochemical/toxicological changes in the lungs.
[75] Comparative toxicity studies in which mice were given equal weights of test materials showed that SWCNTs were more toxic than
quartz, which is considered a serious occupational health hazard when chronically inhaled. As a control, ultrafine
carbon black was shown to produce minimal lung responses.
[76]
Carbon nanotubes deposit in the
alveolar ducts by aligning lengthwise with the airways; the nanotubes will often combine with metals.
[77] The needle-like fiber shape of CNTs is similar to
asbestos fibers. This raises the idea that widespread use of carbon nanotubes may lead to
pleural mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the lungs, or
peritoneal mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the abdomen (both caused by exposure to asbestos). A recently published pilot study supports this prediction.
[78] Scientists exposed the
mesothelial lining of the body cavity of mice to long multiwalled carbon nanotubes and observed asbestos-like, length-dependent, pathogenic behavior that included inflammation and formation of lesions known as
granulomas. Authors of the study conclude:
This is of considerable importance, because research and business communities continue to invest heavily in carbon nanotubes for a wide range of products under the assumption that they are no more hazardous than graphite. Our results suggest the need for further research and great caution before introducing such products into the market if long-term harm is to be avoided.
[78]