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IL-6 and Insulin Resistance.

Ema

Senior Member
Messages
4,729
Location
Midwest USA
Looks like high levels of IL-6 can induce insulin resistance which could lead to the symptoms some of us experience in terms of metabolic syndrome.

Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3391-9.
Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes.
Senn JJ1, Klover PJ, Nowak IA, Mooney RA.
Author information

Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is one of several proinflammatory cytokines that have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A two- to threefold elevation of circulating IL-6 has been observed in these conditions. Nonetheless, little evidence supports a direct role for IL-6 in mediating insulin resistance.

Here, we present data that IL-6 can inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction and insulin action in both primary mouse hepatocytes and the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2. This inhibition depends on duration of IL-6 exposure, with a maximum effect at 1-1.5 h of pretreatment with IL-6 in both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. The IL-6 effect is characterized by a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR substrate (IRS)-1 and decreased association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS-1 in response to physiologic insulin levels. In addition, insulin-dependent activation of Akt, important in mediating insulin's downstream metabolic actions, is markedly inhibited by IL-6 treatment. Finally, a 1.5-h preincubation of primary hepatocytes with IL-6 inhibits insulin-induced glycogen synthesis by 75%.

These data suggest that IL-6 plays a direct role in insulin resistance at the cellular level in both primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cell lines and may contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


From @Hip,

alpha acids reduce the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (see this study provided by Richard), and IL-6 seems to cause reduced concentration and brain fog symptoms: IL-6 causes fatigue, reduce ability to concentrate, difficulties with memory and learning, and cognitive decline. In short, IL-6 seems to be a sort of "essence of brain fog" cytokine. And studies have shown IL-6 to be elevated in ME/CFS.

The cocktail of IL-6 inhibitors I took before socializing were the following:


IL-6 inhibitor Protocol:

Luteolin 100 mg

Idebenone 200 mg

Q10 200 mg

PABA 500 mg

Horny goat weed (Epimedium) 900 mg

Curcumin 900 mg

Vitamin D 10,000 iu

Vitamin E 400 mg

Pregnenolone 25 mg

Vitamin K 100 mg

Vinpocetine 30 mg

Genistein 56 mg

Daidzein 37 mg

Amla 2000 mg

Niacinamide 500 mg

Some study references for above IL-6 inhibitors:

Four macrolides (roxithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 LPS-stimulated J774 macrophages. 1 (full text). NOTE: Roxithromycin is the only macrolide antibiotic that crosses the blood brain barrier.

Macrolide antibiotics (like azithromycin and erythromycin) inhibit IL-6 1

Amoxicillin significant decreased IL-6 plasma levels by the 7th day of therapy. 1

Vitamin C and vitamin E inhibit muscle-derived IL-6. 1

Blueberries reduce TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse macrophages 1

Patchouli alcohol (from patchouli essential oil) inhibits IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) 1

Genistein inhibited LPS-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha expression in macrophages. 1

Vinpocetine inhibited the production of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BV-2 microglia. 1

Sulforaphane attenuates the LPS-induced increase of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha expression in microglia 1 Sulforaphane reduces TNF-α-induced IL-6 synoviocytes 1

Vitamin D inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in macrophages. 1

Cyclosporin A decreases human macrophage interleukin-6 synthesis. 1

Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia. Luteolin: 90% drop in IL-6 production.1 Pretreatment of primary microglia with 10 and 25 μM luteolin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 production by 40% and 90%, respectively. When luteolin was increased to 50 μM, IL-6 secretion by LPS-stimulated microglia was completely blocked. If we take the bioavailability of luteolin to be 5%, then the dosage to achieve a 25 μM concentration is 25 x 286.24 / (55 x 250) = 520 mg of luteolin. NOTE: the lutein bioavailability when given as Chrysanthemum morifolium extract is 55.4%, but for pure lutein is may be much lower. 1

Alpha acids and iso-alpha acids in hops (found in beer) block the TNF-alpha induced production of IL-6. 1

Polyphenols in non-alcoholic beer reduce IL-6 1

Calendula officinalis (marigold) inhibits IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. 1

Magnolia officinalis (Magnolia) Obovatol (from Magnolia) attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. 1

Niacinamide 1

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) reduces IL-6 1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231099
 

Martial

Senior Member
Messages
1,409
Location
Ventura, CA
500mg of Niacinamide? Isn't that transversaly related to type II diabetes in higher doses from some clinical studies?