My grandfather had Parkinson's and now my uncle has it. Here is some research on it.
Prevalence, classification, and etiology of pain in Parkinson's disease: association between Parkinson's disease and fibromyalgia or chronic widespread pain.
Toda K,
Harada T.
Source
Department of Rehabilitation, Hatsukaichi Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
goutattack@yahoo.co.jp
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, slow and decreased movement (hypokinesia and akinesia), rigidity, postural instability, problems with gait, and coordination. The prevalence of PD is between 0.1% and 0.3% in the general population and between 1% and 2% in persons 65 years of age or older. Patients with PD are more likely to suffer from pain. Indeed, the chief complaint of patients with severe motor disturbance and severe pain is pain rather than motor disturbance.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is defined by widespread pain (pain in the left and right sides of the body, pain above the waist, pain below the waist, and axial skeletal pain) for more than 3 months and the presence of at least 11 of the 18 specified tender points. FM and chronic widespread pain (CWP), which is usually an incomplete form of FM, cause pain in the musculoskeletal region, but their etiologies are unknown. Therefore, it is almost impossible to determine whether or not pain in the musculoskeletal region is in the musculoskeletal origin. We suspect that dysfunction or degeneration of the nerves that control pain, mind, and movement in the brain causes FM, depression, and PD, respectively. When pain in PD is discussed, FM and CWP should be considered because their prevalence is high. Patients with PD may be likely to suffer from FM and CWP; however, the prevalence of FM and CWP in patients with PD has not been reported. Here, we discuss the relationship between PD and FM or CWP.
PMID:
20805678
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full text
Related citations
Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Feb;84(2):134-8.
Clinical and genetic description of a family with a high prevalence of autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome.
Young JE,
Vilariño-Güell C,
Lin SC,
Wszolek ZK,
Farrer MJ.
Source
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To conduct clinical and molecular genetic analyses of the members of an extended family in Central Indiana with a high prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS).
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
From February 1, 2006, through August 31, 2008, we collected data from members of this family, which is of English descent. Genealogical methods were used to expand the family tree, and family members were screened with an RLS questionnaire. Telephone interviews and personal examinations were performed at Mayo Clinic and during a field trip to Central Indiana. Blood samples were collected for molecular genetic analysis. A follow-up telephone interview was conducted 1 year later.
RESULTS:
The family tree spans 7 generations with 88 living members, 30 of whom meet the criteria for diagnosis of RLS established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Three affected family members also have
Parkinson disease or essential tremor. The mode of RLS inheritance is compatible with an autosomal dominant pattern. The affected family members do not exhibit linkage to the 5 known RLS loci or mutations in the RLS susceptibility genes MEIS1 and BTBD9.
CONCLUSION:
Of 88 members of this single extended family in Central Indiana, 30 were diagnosed as having RLS. Because our analysis shows that the
disease is not linked to any of the known RLS loci or risk-associated genes, we postulate that members of this family may carry a gene mutation in a novel genetic locus.
PMID:
19181647
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID: PMC2664577
Free PMC Article
3.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Jul;52(7):780-8.
Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease.
Neustadt J,
Pieczenik SR.
Source
Montana Integrative Medicine, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
drneustadt@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health and
disease. Damage to mitochondria is now understood to play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar
disease, dementia, Alzheimer's
disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain,
Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery
disease, chronic fatigue syndrome,
fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Medications have now emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial damage, which may explain many adverse effects. All classes of psychotropic drugs have been documented to damage mitochondria, as have stain medications, analgesics such as acetaminophen, and many others. While targeted nutrient therapies using antioxidants or their precursors (e. g., N-acetylcysteine) hold promise for improving mitochondrial function, there are large gaps in our knowledge. The most rational approach is to understand the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial damage for specific medications and attempt to counteract their deleterious effects with nutritional therapies. This article reviews our basic understanding of how mitochondria function and how medications damage mitochondria to create their occasionally fatal adverse effects.
PMID:
18626887
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
4.
Exp Mol Pathol. 2007 Aug;83(1):84-92. Epub 2007 Jan 18.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and molecular pathways of disease.
Pieczenik SR,
Neustadt J.
Source
drneustadt@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health,
disease, and aging. A wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar
disease, dementia, Alzheimer's
disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain,
Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery
disease, chronic fatigue syndrome,
fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis, have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in common, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. Physicians seeking systematic treatments for their patients might consider testing urinary organic acids to determine how best to treat them. If in the next 50 years advances in mitochondrial treatments match the immense increase in knowledge about mitochondrial function that has occurred in the last 50 years, mitochondrial diseases and dysfunction will largely be a medical triumph.
PMID:
17239370
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Jul;13(5):312-4. Epub 2006 Jul 7.
Parkinson disease patient with fibromyalgia: a case report.
Toda K,
Harada T,
Ishizaki F,
Horie N,
Yamada T.
Source
Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, 295-3 Taguchi, Saijyou, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0036, Japan.
goutattack@yahoo.co.jp
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor disturbances such as tremor, slow movement and rigidity. Also, pain is a common symptom in patients with PD. The prevalence of pain is 40-75% in patients with PD. Physicians should pay attention to pain in patient with PD. We report a PD patient who suffered from
fibromyalgia (FM). If the amount of pain is not maximal in the side more affected by parkinsonism and pain is not markedly relieved when the patient is in the "on" state, the pain may be due to FM.
PMID:
16828328
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6.
Health News. 2005 Dec;11(12):11.
Parkinson's drug may relieve fibromyalgia pain.
[No authors listed]
PMID:
16419177
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
7.
Z Rheumatol. 1998;57 Suppl 2:27-30.
Pathophysiology of akinetic movement disorders: a paradigm for studies in fibromyalgia?
Burgunder JM.
Source
Neurologische Poliklinik, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
jean-marc.burgunder@insel.ch
Abstract
Patients with
fibromyalgia sometimes have sign of a movement disorder in addition to sensory disturbances sometimes similar as those found in akinetic syndromes. Akinesia is due to disturbances in the functions of the cortico-thalamo-nigro-striatal system and associated areas. The reason of this dysfunction in
Parkinson's disease is a decreased nigral dopaminergic efferent innervation due to a neuronal degeneration in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Changes in other neurotransmitters, like GABA or serotonin, and in receptors and second messengers also occur, with additional modulation due to therapy. The aetiology of nigral malfunction is in only rarely known. Drugs and mutations of some genes are examples which give much insight in the pathogenesis of movement disorders in general. In other akinetic disorders, like multisystem atrophy, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy, more complex patterns of degeneration have been found. This pathological anatomical disturbances have typical clinical effects which can be studied physiologically and with imaging in vivo. Since basal ganglia play also a role in pain, a comparative study of their involvement in movement disorders and nociception seems to be fruitful, especially in devising new therapeutic strategies.
PMID:
10025078
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
8.
Altern Med Rev. 1998 Jun;3(3):187-98.
The detoxification enzyme systems.
Liska DJ.
Source
HealthComm International, Inc. P.O. Box 1729, Gig Harbor, WA 98335, USA.
deann@healthcomm.com
Abstract
The human body is exposed to a wide array of xenobiotics in one s lifetime, from food components to environmental toxins to pharmaceuticals, and has developed complex enzymatic mechanisms to detoxify these substances. These mechanisms exhibit significant individual variability, and are affected by environment, lifestyle, and genetic influences. The scientific literature suggests an association between impaired detoxification and certain diseases, including cancer,
Parkinson's disease,
fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue/immune dysfunction syndrome. Data regarding these hepatic detoxification enzyme systems and the body s mechanisms of regulating them suggests the ability to efficiently detoxify and remove xenobiotics can affect these and other chronic
disease processes. This article reviews the myriad detoxification enzyme systems, their regulatory mechanisms, and the dietary, lifestyle, and genetic factors influencing their activities, as well as laboratory tests available to assess their functioning.
PMID:
9630736
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full text
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
9.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1992 Jan 18;136(3):148.
[Chronic fatigue syndrome].
[Article in Dutch]
Horstink MW,
Gonera EG,
Berger HJ,
van Weel C.
Comment on
PMID:
1732849
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms
10.
Minerva Med. 1979 Mar 30;70(15):1093-8.
[Neurodystrophic rheumatism].
[Article in Italian]
Bianchi PG.
PMID:
312476
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
MeSH Terms
11.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Impulse Control Disorders Associated With Dopaminergic Medication in Patients With Pituitary Adenomas.
Martinkova J,
Trejbalova L,
Sasikova M,
Benetin J,
Valkovic P.
Source
*2nd Department of Neurology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; †1st Department of Internal Medicine, and ‡Department of Neurology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; and §Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) such as pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive eating, and hypersexuality are a matter of growing interest, especially in patients with
Parkinson disease who are on dopamine replacement therapy. It was recently reported that ICDs are associated with other disorders also treated with dopaminergic drugs (dopamine agonists) such as restless legs syndrome, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and
fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ICDs in patients with pituitary adenomas who take dopamine agonists (DAs).
METHODS:
Twenty consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas (mostly prolactinomas) taking DAs were assessed. All participated in a structured interview focused on ICDs, which was conducted by a physician.
RESULTS:
Two (10%) of 20 subjects had a condition diagnosed as ICD. The first patient is a 35-year-old man with giant macroprolactinoma who was alternately treated with different types of DAs (cabergoline, bromocriptine, and quinagolide). He developed compulsive eating and pathological gambling. The second patient is a 53-year-old man with macroprolactinoma who suffered from severe hypersexuality after cabergoline was begun.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates the importance of systematic screening for ICDs in patients taking dopaminergic medication regardless of their primary condition.
PMID:
21738024
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
13.
Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 May-Jun;35(3):294-303.
Duloxetine: a review of its pharmacology and use in chronic pain management.
Bellingham GA,
Peng PW.
Source
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that possesses antidepressant and pain-relieving properties. Compared with other antidepressants, it has a high affinity for both norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake transporters, which are relatively balanced. Analgesic onset has been observed within the first week of administration in randomized controlled trials and is likely obtained by enhancing the tone of the descending pain inhibition pathways of the central nervous system. Randomized trials have documented significant analgesic effects for managing chronic pain associated with
fibromyalgia and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Studies have also suggested that pain associated with major depressive disorder can be reduced with this medication. Modest effects for headache, osteoarthritic pain, and pain secondary to
Parkinson disease have also been documented, but data are obtained from single-blinded or open-label trials that require further corroboration with larger randomized studies. Duloxetine has not yet been directly compared with other antidepressants or anticonvulsants for the treatment of pain syndromes.
PMID:
20921842
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
17.
J Gambl Stud. 2009 Sep;25(3):425-31. Epub 2009 Feb 25.
Impulse control disorder behaviors associated with pramipexole used to treat fibromyalgia.
Holman AJ.
Source
Pacific Rheumatology Research, 4300 Talbot Road South, Suite 101, Renton, WA, 98055, USA.
AJHSeattle@aol.com
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Compulsivity has been associated with use of dopamine agonists used to treat
Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing use of these agents to treat
fibromyalgia (FM) raises concern for this unexpected toxicity in a new group of patients. This is the first report of compulsive gambling and shopping among patients taking dopamine agonists for treatment of FM.
DESIGN:
A retrospective chart review of all patients in a large, active FM research practice was used to identify compulsivity associated with dopamine agonists and describe its remission following dug withdrawal.
RESULTS:
Of 3006 patients with FM treated between 2002 and 2006, 1356 had taken > or =1 dose of a dopamine agonist ( >95% pramipexole). Twenty-one (3 male, 18 female) were identified with compulsive gambling (33%), shopping (40%) or both (27%) after taking a 4.5 mg mean dose of pramipexole at bedtime for 14.4 +/- 14.9 months. Compulsivity resolved in 3-10 days for 19 of 21 patients and by 3 months for all following a monitored, compulsory tapered discontinuation over 7 days.
CONCLUSIONS:
While biologic aspects of PD and FM differ considerably, compulsive gambling and shopping have become important, yet unexpected concerns related to use of dopamine agonists for patients with FM and their treating clinicians.
PMID:
19241148
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
20.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 May;8(5):781-97.
Role of central dopamine in pain and analgesia.
Wood PB.
Source
Angler Biomedical Technologies, LLC, 18401 Reed Parks Road, Jonestown, TX 78645, USA.
pwood@anglerbiomedical.com
Abstract
Recent insights have demonstrated a central role for dopaminergic neurotransmission in modulating pain perception and natural analgesia within supraspinal regions, including the basal ganglia, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and periaqueductal gray. In addition, while the participation of serotonin and norepinephrine in spinal descending inhibition of pain is well known, a critical role for dopamine in descending inhibition has also been demonstrated. Decreased levels of dopamine likely contribute to the painful symptoms that frequently occur in
Parkinson's disease. Moreover, abnormalities in dopaminergic neurotransmission have been objectively demonstrated in painful clinical conditions, including burning mouth syndrome,
fibromyalgia and restless legs syndrome. Evidence from animal models and indirect evidence from pharmaceutical trials also suggest a role for dopamine in chronic regional pain syndrome and painful diabetic neuropathy. Several novel classes of medication with analgesic properties have bearing on dopaminergic activity as evident in the capacity of dopamine antagonists to attenuate their analgesic capacity. An expanded appreciation for the role of dopamine in natural analgesia provides the impetus for further study involving preclinical models and advanced neuroimaging techniques in humans, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
PMID:
18457535
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
21.
Brain Res Rev. 2007 Dec;56(2):346-61. Epub 2007 Aug 28.
The use of tDCS and CVS as methods of non-invasive brain stimulation.
Been G,
Ngo TT,
Miller SM,
Fitzgerald PB.
Source
Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) are safe methods for selectively modulating cortical excitability and activation, respectively, which have recently received increased interest regarding possible clinical applications. tDCS involves the application of low currents to the scalp via cathodal and anodal electrodes and has been shown to affect a range of motor, somatosensory, visual, affective and cognitive functions. Therapeutic effects have been demonstrated in clinical trials of tDCS for a variety of conditions including tinnitus, post-stroke motor deficits,
fibromyalgia, depression, epilepsy and
Parkinson's disease. Its effects can be modulated by combination with pharmacological treatment and it may influence the efficacy of other neurostimulatory techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation. CVS involves irrigating the auditory canal with cold water which induces a temperature gradient across the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus. This has been shown in functional brain-imaging studies to result in activation in several contralateral cortical and subcortical brain regions. CVS has also been shown to have effects on a wide range of visual and cognitive phenomena, as well as on post-stroke conditions, mania and chronic pain states. Both these techniques have been shown to modulate a range of brain functions, and display potential as clinical treatments. Importantly, they are both inexpensive relative to other brain stimulation techniques such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
PMID:
17900703
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms
22.
Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 2004;119:12-8.
Spectrum of use and tolerability of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
Haus U,
Späth M,
Färber L.
Source
Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany.
ulrike.haus@pharma.novartis.com
Abstract
Several 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are available (tropisetron, ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, and palonsetron), and further compounds are in clinical development. These substances show only minor differences in the activity profile regarding their affinity for particular receptors. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are primarily used and found effective in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis, and in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Antagonism of the 5-HT3 receptors in the peripheral and central nervous system is a probable mechanism of action. The substances are suitable as first-line therapy (combined with a corticosteroid) for the prevention of acute nausea and vomiting in patients treated with moderately to severely emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents. This combination is also moderately effective in the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are an important constituent in the prevention and treatment of emesis and nausea caused by radiation therapy, especially in patients receiving whole body or upper abdominal treatment. Alosetron was found clinically effective in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, whereas tropisetron in
fibromyalgia and related pain disorders. Further indications for such treatment include anxiety disorders, alcohol dependence, drug withdrawal, and psychosis related to treatment of
Parkinson's disease. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are well tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse effects being headache, constipation, dizziness, tiredness, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain or constipation. Intravenous administration of serotonin induces the Bezold-Jarisch reflex and causes small reversible changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.
Prevalence, classification, and etiology of pain in Parkinson's disease: association between Parkinson's disease and fibromyalgia or chronic widespread pain.
Toda K, Harada T.
Source
Department of Rehabilitation, Hatsukaichi Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. goutattack@yahoo.co.jp
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, slow and decreased movement (hypokinesia and akinesia), rigidity, postural instability, problems with gait, and coordination. The prevalence of PD is between 0.1% and 0.3% in the general population and between 1% and 2% in persons 65 years of age or older. Patients with PD are more likely to suffer from pain. Indeed, the chief complaint of patients with severe motor disturbance and severe pain is pain rather than motor disturbance. Fibromyalgia (FM) is defined by widespread pain (pain in the left and right sides of the body, pain above the waist, pain below the waist, and axial skeletal pain) for more than 3 months and the presence of at least 11 of the 18 specified tender points. FM and chronic widespread pain (CWP), which is usually an incomplete form of FM, cause pain in the musculoskeletal region, but their etiologies are unknown. Therefore, it is almost impossible to determine whether or not pain in the musculoskeletal region is in the musculoskeletal origin. We suspect that dysfunction or degeneration of the nerves that control pain, mind, and movement in the brain causes FM, depression, and PD, respectively. When pain in PD is discussed, FM and CWP should be considered because their prevalence is high. Patients with PD may be likely to suffer from FM and CWP; however, the prevalence of FM and CWP in patients with PD has not been reported. Here, we discuss the relationship between PD and FM or CWP.
PMID:
20805678
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full text
Related citations
Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Feb;84(2):134-8.
Clinical and genetic description of a family with a high prevalence of autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome.
Young JE, Vilariño-Güell C, Lin SC, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ.
Source
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To conduct clinical and molecular genetic analyses of the members of an extended family in Central Indiana with a high prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS).
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
From February 1, 2006, through August 31, 2008, we collected data from members of this family, which is of English descent. Genealogical methods were used to expand the family tree, and family members were screened with an RLS questionnaire. Telephone interviews and personal examinations were performed at Mayo Clinic and during a field trip to Central Indiana. Blood samples were collected for molecular genetic analysis. A follow-up telephone interview was conducted 1 year later.
RESULTS:
The family tree spans 7 generations with 88 living members, 30 of whom meet the criteria for diagnosis of RLS established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Three affected family members also have Parkinson disease or essential tremor. The mode of RLS inheritance is compatible with an autosomal dominant pattern. The affected family members do not exhibit linkage to the 5 known RLS loci or mutations in the RLS susceptibility genes MEIS1 and BTBD9.
CONCLUSION:
Of 88 members of this single extended family in Central Indiana, 30 were diagnosed as having RLS. Because our analysis shows that the disease is not linked to any of the known RLS loci or risk-associated genes, we postulate that members of this family may carry a gene mutation in a novel genetic locus.
PMID:
19181647
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID: PMC2664577
Free PMC Article
3.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Jul;52(7):780-8.
Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease.
Neustadt J, Pieczenik SR.
Source
Montana Integrative Medicine, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA. drneustadt@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health and disease. Damage to mitochondria is now understood to play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Medications have now emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial damage, which may explain many adverse effects. All classes of psychotropic drugs have been documented to damage mitochondria, as have stain medications, analgesics such as acetaminophen, and many others. While targeted nutrient therapies using antioxidants or their precursors (e. g., N-acetylcysteine) hold promise for improving mitochondrial function, there are large gaps in our knowledge. The most rational approach is to understand the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial damage for specific medications and attempt to counteract their deleterious effects with nutritional therapies. This article reviews our basic understanding of how mitochondria function and how medications damage mitochondria to create their occasionally fatal adverse effects.
PMID:
18626887
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
4.
Exp Mol Pathol. 2007 Aug;83(1):84-92. Epub 2007 Jan 18.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and molecular pathways of disease.
Pieczenik SR, Neustadt J.
Source
drneustadt@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health, disease, and aging. A wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis, have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in common, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. Physicians seeking systematic treatments for their patients might consider testing urinary organic acids to determine how best to treat them. If in the next 50 years advances in mitochondrial treatments match the immense increase in knowledge about mitochondrial function that has occurred in the last 50 years, mitochondrial diseases and dysfunction will largely be a medical triumph.
PMID:
17239370
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Jul;13(5):312-4. Epub 2006 Jul 7.
Parkinson disease patient with fibromyalgia: a case report.
Toda K, Harada T, Ishizaki F, Horie N, Yamada T.
Source
Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, 295-3 Taguchi, Saijyou, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0036, Japan. goutattack@yahoo.co.jp
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor disturbances such as tremor, slow movement and rigidity. Also, pain is a common symptom in patients with PD. The prevalence of pain is 40-75% in patients with PD. Physicians should pay attention to pain in patient with PD. We report a PD patient who suffered from fibromyalgia (FM). If the amount of pain is not maximal in the side more affected by parkinsonism and pain is not markedly relieved when the patient is in the "on" state, the pain may be due to FM.
PMID:
16828328
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6.
Health News. 2005 Dec;11(12):11.
Parkinson's drug may relieve fibromyalgia pain.
[No authors listed]
PMID:
16419177
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
7.
Z Rheumatol. 1998;57 Suppl 2:27-30.
Pathophysiology of akinetic movement disorders: a paradigm for studies in fibromyalgia?
Burgunder JM.
Source
Neurologische Poliklinik, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. jean-marc.burgunder@insel.ch
Abstract
Patients with fibromyalgia sometimes have sign of a movement disorder in addition to sensory disturbances sometimes similar as those found in akinetic syndromes. Akinesia is due to disturbances in the functions of the cortico-thalamo-nigro-striatal system and associated areas. The reason of this dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is a decreased nigral dopaminergic efferent innervation due to a neuronal degeneration in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Changes in other neurotransmitters, like GABA or serotonin, and in receptors and second messengers also occur, with additional modulation due to therapy. The aetiology of nigral malfunction is in only rarely known. Drugs and mutations of some genes are examples which give much insight in the pathogenesis of movement disorders in general. In other akinetic disorders, like multisystem atrophy, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy, more complex patterns of degeneration have been found. This pathological anatomical disturbances have typical clinical effects which can be studied physiologically and with imaging in vivo. Since basal ganglia play also a role in pain, a comparative study of their involvement in movement disorders and nociception seems to be fruitful, especially in devising new therapeutic strategies.
PMID:
10025078
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
8.
Altern Med Rev. 1998 Jun;3(3):187-98.
The detoxification enzyme systems.
Liska DJ.
Source
HealthComm International, Inc. P.O. Box 1729, Gig Harbor, WA 98335, USA. deann@healthcomm.com
Abstract
The human body is exposed to a wide array of xenobiotics in one s lifetime, from food components to environmental toxins to pharmaceuticals, and has developed complex enzymatic mechanisms to detoxify these substances. These mechanisms exhibit significant individual variability, and are affected by environment, lifestyle, and genetic influences. The scientific literature suggests an association between impaired detoxification and certain diseases, including cancer, Parkinson's disease, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue/immune dysfunction syndrome. Data regarding these hepatic detoxification enzyme systems and the body s mechanisms of regulating them suggests the ability to efficiently detoxify and remove xenobiotics can affect these and other chronic disease processes. This article reviews the myriad detoxification enzyme systems, their regulatory mechanisms, and the dietary, lifestyle, and genetic factors influencing their activities, as well as laboratory tests available to assess their functioning.
PMID:
9630736
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full text
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
9.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1992 Jan 18;136(3):148.
[Chronic fatigue syndrome].
[Article in Dutch]
Horstink MW, Gonera EG, Berger HJ, van Weel C.
Comment on
PMID:
1732849
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Publication Types, MeSH Terms
10.
Minerva Med. 1979 Mar 30;70(15):1093-8.
[Neurodystrophic rheumatism].
[Article in Italian]
Bianchi PG.
PMID:
312476
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
MeSH Terms
11.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Impulse Control Disorders Associated With Dopaminergic Medication in Patients With Pituitary Adenomas.
Martinkova J, Trejbalova L, Sasikova M, Benetin J, Valkovic P.
Source
*2nd Department of Neurology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; †1st Department of Internal Medicine, and ‡Department of Neurology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; and §Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) such as pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive eating, and hypersexuality are a matter of growing interest, especially in patients with Parkinson disease who are on dopamine replacement therapy. It was recently reported that ICDs are associated with other disorders also treated with dopaminergic drugs (dopamine agonists) such as restless legs syndrome, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ICDs in patients with pituitary adenomas who take dopamine agonists (DAs).
METHODS:
Twenty consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas (mostly prolactinomas) taking DAs were assessed. All participated in a structured interview focused on ICDs, which was conducted by a physician.
RESULTS:
Two (10%) of 20 subjects had a condition diagnosed as ICD. The first patient is a 35-year-old man with giant macroprolactinoma who was alternately treated with different types of DAs (cabergoline, bromocriptine, and quinagolide). He developed compulsive eating and pathological gambling. The second patient is a 53-year-old man with macroprolactinoma who suffered from severe hypersexuality after cabergoline was begun.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates the importance of systematic screening for ICDs in patients taking dopaminergic medication regardless of their primary condition.
PMID:
21738024
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
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Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 May-Jun;35(3):294-303.
Duloxetine: a review of its pharmacology and use in chronic pain management.
Bellingham GA, Peng PW.
Source
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that possesses antidepressant and pain-relieving properties. Compared with other antidepressants, it has a high affinity for both norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake transporters, which are relatively balanced. Analgesic onset has been observed within the first week of administration in randomized controlled trials and is likely obtained by enhancing the tone of the descending pain inhibition pathways of the central nervous system. Randomized trials have documented significant analgesic effects for managing chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Studies have also suggested that pain associated with major depressive disorder can be reduced with this medication. Modest effects for headache, osteoarthritic pain, and pain secondary to Parkinson disease have also been documented, but data are obtained from single-blinded or open-label trials that require further corroboration with larger randomized studies. Duloxetine has not yet been directly compared with other antidepressants or anticonvulsants for the treatment of pain syndromes.
PMID:
20921842
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- A retrospective chart review of all patients in a large, active FM research practice was used to identify compulsivity associated with While biologic aspects of PD and FM differ considerably, compulsive gambling and shopping have become important, yet unexpected concerns related to use of dopamine agonists for patients with FM and their treating clinicians.
PMID:
19241148
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]