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CROI (Retrovirology and Opportunistic Infections, Boston) on XMRV and CFS

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder
Think i read somewhere that judy didnt trust the IAP test, regardless if the OAKS paper dected contamination in 90 to 100% depending on what test was used, suggests it had no trouble finding most of the contamination in that lab, with only a 10% difference in both contamination tests. It surely indicates if Judys samples are as contaminated as what the oaks papers would like us to belive. then she should have picked up something, and the oaks paper kind of shoots itself in the foot on that i think ? I think it should be made aware to Silverman what is being said on open access forums, so he knows what is being discussed, maybe he would like to comment ?

I think you have a point. If there was contamination there, even if the mtDNA test missed something - it shouldn't have missed everything. The endogenous retrovirus origin paper, however, does not propose that little bits of mouse DNA got in there - which is what happened with a couple of studies in which what looked like XMRV turned out to be contamination according to the IAP test. The new finding suggests that XMRV was created in the lab and found its way into lab cell lines and does not infect humans.

Just because XMRV was created in the lab doesn't mean that it can't infect humans - it can clearly infect human cells - and it could still infect humans; it suggests that there is less evidence now that it actually does infect humans and that Silverman is going to need to show viral integration into human cell before anybody buys that argument.

This is completely different from the proposals that the WPI is mistaking XMRV for mouse DNA - which never really flew because they were able to grow the virus - so they must have had at least some XMRV in those samples.
 

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder
Dr. Mikovits response

One site said this was Dr. Mikovits response

This latest study concerns the potential origin of XMRV. It is interesting that infectious XMRV is still found only in human cells and not in mouse cells or mice. In addition, these data have little to say about XMRV infection in humans.

Judy Mikovits
 

currer

Senior Member
Messages
1,409
Hi Ecoclimber,
I read your latest post with great interest. (edit I seemed to miss the title where you say you are pulling out. I hope you wont do this.)

Clearly you could push forward the research into CFS/ME, and it is to your credit that you wish to make this effort on our behalf. We are all in your debt for this, and I would like to say how much I appreciate what you are trying to do.

I live in Britain and have been involved in the ME world for about twenty years. There is a lot of argument and dissention among patients and if you want to continue your work to help us, (and I hope you do), you will need to be prepared for unfair comments and ingratitude and attacks at times from some people.
This happens to everyone who works in this field and often to those who work hardest on our behalf.
My consultant, who had been outstanding in advancing the NHS provision in this country for ME patients had to endure some quite vicious and unjustified attacks that circulated on the internet. Misinformation takes on a life of its own here. I know he was terribly hurt.
BUT DO NOT BE PUT OFF! It will be even more to your credit that you carry on despite this.
People with ME are ill and under tremendous strain because of the stigma they carry. This disease has been neglected and misrepresented (I believe for political reasons) and sufferers carry a lot of anger which is misdirected at those nearest to them.
You will need to develop a thick skin and become philosophical about it.

Personally I think that there is a psychiatric component to ME as a consequence of the disease, not as a cause, and some people do become paranoid. In addition we live in a small world created by the limitations of the illness. The internet is where some people vent their anger, sometimes in an unbalanced way. This is a measure of how ill people are and how much suffering we endure. Not everyone can rise above their wrongs all the time. I like a good rant as much as the next person, especially when I am depressed and sick. All the patient charities and their leaders have been verbally attacked by unhappy patients and the ME world is riven with distrust and suspicion of each other.
But you will have to carry on regardless because what you could achieve is better that all the criticism you may have to endure on the way, and your achievement will be lasting once the criticism has faded away and been forgotten.

It is within your power to do good. Unfortunately it is not within your power to always find co-operation or gratitude for your good intentions.

You are able to go out into the real world and change it. Those who criticise are ill and stuck and embittered and probably housebound. They cannot really prevent your work, at least not in the long term.
Please put your effort into positive initiatives and forget about the other forum and its members. Let it go.
 

biophile

Places I'd rather be.
Messages
8,977
If its true that Lo/Alter did both tests I would think (laymen speaking) that would rule out contamination. The way the mtDNA test was explained to me is that it is actually more sensitive than the IAP test but during the mtDNA test some elements are 'filtered' out (I know I'm slaughtering this :)). Those elements are not filtered out during the IAP test - that brings up the question if those elements could harbor contamination...

That's my take and it may be wrong; mtDNA more sensitive but could miss something; IAP less sensitive but more complete in a way.

Thanks Cort. I should have asked, "how can this be reconciled with claims of contamination?"
 

biophile

Places I'd rather be.
Messages
8,977
Ecoclimber sounds like quite the motivated philanthropist, but I still don't quite understand how his efforts were so easily derailed:

Both attempts failed because at the same time there was this huge controversy suddenly exploding with XMRV and the Chicago Tribune and it was felt best for things to die down.

Funders or researchers ran away at the sight of controversy? Chicago Tribune has that much influence on peoples' views?

The research was placed on hold because of the acrimony of certain mecfs forum members and we missed the application deadline for phase 2.

A few posts on a forum managed to squash research in the real world? The irony here is that if XMRV really is just contamination as Ecoclimber seems to be leaning towards, Gerwyn et al saved Miller and funders from wasting valuable resources.
 

alex3619

Senior Member
Messages
13,810
Location
Logan, Queensland, Australia
Perhaps it wasn't very relevant but - if this conference is set to bury XMRV how does this affect Alter and Lo's findings of other PMLVs in CFS?
The conference is focusing on XMRV. When Alter and Lo published they were dismissed because they did not find XMRV. Perhaps that is a strength? I thought further MLV's were being found in CFS - a wide range. Unless they all turn out to be contamination. But Alter defended his MLV findings strongly. Remember the retesting they did where they thought the virus had mutated over time?
As long as this research is purely on XMRV and its origins it cannot relate to the other findings of PMLVs.

Hi currer, do not be sure xmrv is buried, do expect it to be challenged - and MLVs are still important. It aint over tilll its over, but either way its about finding the truth. Getting it right is more imporant than getting a result we hope for. Bye, Alex
 

currer

Senior Member
Messages
1,409
Hi Alex,
I agree with you that it aint over yet.
But I dont want to get too focused on the minutiae of PCR. I think the wider picture is just as interesting (if not more). The most interesting thing to come out of the WPI for me was the link between CFS and autism and cancer in families. That would be really interesting to investigate and not as bewildering as trying to find out what is happening at cellular scale where we can only test at the limits of detection.
If the autism cancer cfs link is really there there must be a cause and it must be looked for. It is outrageous that proper epidemiological studies have never been done in this disorder when they are so obviously the first step and easy to do.
I really hope this conference isnt set to halt other research into CFS - research that has been needed for a generation.
 

SilverbladeTE

Senior Member
Messages
3,043
Location
Somewhere near Glasgow, Scotland
Currer
oh I agree that this damn illness causes psychiatric problems, as noted in my post under "symptoms" other day
it's a NEURALOGICAL and chronic illness that causes pain and nasty symptoms, so it would be bloody remarkable if it didn't cause serious personality and memory issues ;)
Lyme for example carries extremely high risk of driving untreated folk to suicide/self harm...no one but an appallingly ignorant or evil person would suggest that is a "psychological illness" though
Same with rabies, syphilis and many others such as surprsingly, bladder infections often seriosuly affect the mind, also, toxins, such as mercury ("mad hatters disease")

Alex
yes, this is NOT buried! :)
as I said, look at the incredible load of CRAP that went on about HIV research, that was ridiculous behaviour etc between research groups, ugh
Never mind the uttelry VILE, depsicable bigotry and COWARDICE the US government especially showed, Reagan buried his friend Rock Hudson and still not much was done because AIDS was reviled as a disease of "god cursed deviants"..O M G!!! how backward :(

Likewise, ME/CFS disease has, IMHO, been deliberately manuipulated to the press and public ot appear to be fraudulent, a "mental disease of "malingerers and hysterical women who jsut need a slap in the face"...this is classic, brilliant, effective but evil misdirection
Such attitudes also imbed themselves in researchers! researchers are *HUMAN* and fall prey to Human foibles like anyone. Many though are hopefully enlightened enough to see through such, or intellectucally interested to learn the actual facts.
Also, this affects research, with HIV no one wanted to touch a "gay plague", so they had trouble getting funds...same with us.

I'll explain this again to those who think "they are out to get us" (yes they are, lol)
there's no "Illuminanti" trying to bump us off, but there IS a web of vested interests who want us to die off, to go away, to stop costing them money or drawing attention to somehting they want hidden.
they can and will affect research, by not funding some researchers who may find the truth, or funding those they think will not.
So this weights the odds against us.
Again though, most researchers are honest. But the funding issue can massively skew things to look worse than they are.
If only 2 researchers who can find (+) XMRV issues are funded, but 20 researchers who can fined (-) XMRV research are funded...does that really mean XMRV is not real? it's statistcally skewed so it's hard ot tell the scientific "truth"


For example, during the 50s/60s even early 70s, the tobacco companies had utterly evil, foul schemes to skew research and public opinion on the dangers of smoking. (I cna go get links if need, to back this up)
they could fund an honest researcher, even without them knowing it, who the tobacco companies felt their research would show little or no harm
others they outright bribed, even if the researcher believed themselves honest, the huge grants etc naturally skewed their findings because they wanted to not upset their patron....

please go read up on psychological warfare, the Public Relations and advertizing companies, and the insane and enormous programs of public manipulation the East and West got up to in the Cold War and afterwards many from that crap started to sell their tricks to corporations and governments.
Ever seen the film "They Live"? simplistic and humourous but has a damn good point: we're bought and sold, manipulated, from day we are born (though it's not a bunch of aliens, lol).

http://www.dvdactive.com/images/reviews/screenshot/2009/4/theylivebdcap3.jpg

In an ideal world, all research would be completely neutral, pharma corps would be banned as monstrous parasites and mass murderers (hey if you fake safety studies and folk die for profit...WTH else is it then?), and governments would ring fence and be seperated from chosing what gets researched, leaving it to committees of experts, except in crisis...things could be so much better.

All honest research is needed, even inf negative, because science works by DISPROVING things, not by "proving" them.
Alas, we do have reason to be skeptical and worried, and all that and illness = paranoia :/
neither side though has right to be 100% sure (on any science issue actually), too much evidence supports XMRV as a live virus for it to be ignored, but the negatives do have points. IMHO, it's about 90% (+) for XMRV for a few reasons, but it's still very early days so it's a "narrow 90%". I could be wrong. It's when folk think they cannot be wrong *at all* we get problems.

Sherlock Holmes said:
"If we reject the impossible, whatever is left, no matter how improbable, must be the truth!"
 

eric_s

Senior Member
Messages
1,925
Location
Switzerland/Spain (Valencia)
Thanks, Ecoclimber. I appreciate it. To be fully honest with you, of course i, with the information i have available, still am not 100% able to exactly know what the truth is. Of course there never is 100%... And please be aware English is not my native language, so things might come across slightly differently than how i mean them.

What you say you have done sounds great. Please, later, take some time to reconsider. Here is my take on things... I'm not a money type of person, but in the end, we live in an economy based on money. Money is what will save our lives, if anything. We need research and this has to be paid. That's why i'm planning to try to work much more on this and in a couple of weeks i will have time to do more. We need to try to make funds available from all possible sources, ourselves, private money from sources not related to ME/CFS and public money.
People like you and the people you might have connections to are what we need. I think internet forums are a good thing, but our efforts in the end have to go through other routes to be succesful. It can only work through "real" organisations like foundations, associations etc. Only this can provide a sufficient degree of organisation, seriousness, is possible for the public to grasp etc.
I have sympathy for anyone with ME/CFS because i know what it means. But nevertheless, please don't let what happens on internet forums influence your decisions too much. Work with other groups, like you say you have (WPI, CAA etc.). I also share this concern that there is too much infighting, too little cooperation within the ME/CFS community. We have no chance like this, unless things are already set to unfold in the best possible way by now (XMRV to be confirmed, massive funds being poured in etc.)
It's clear that our nerves lie blank, but nevertheless, one has to say that being sick does not mean one is exempt from the law. You are still responsible for what you do. We have to pull ourvelves together and be careful.

If what you say is true, Ecoclimer, thank you for all you have done. I am ready to work with someone like you as well as my health allows and i will do whatever i can. You or anyone else may contact me anytime. I'm in Europe, so this might open up new possibilities. We have to make sure that sort of cooperation is possible, this is where we have to get. If we could get philantropists to help us, it would be great progress. And we do deserve it a lot. Don't let some bad experiences fool you, please. I'm ready to be the middleman and take the heat, if necessary, even if that's not really what i need at the moment.

In case you or anyone else is interestend in some of my background... I was born in 1979. I have ME/CFS since 1998. A bit more than one year before finishing high school. Before this moment, i used to be quite fit, did a lot of sports, anything i like. Ok, i liked to drink a bit on weekends etc. but who doesn't at that age. All my friends who did the same are well. Some years after the onset, i started studying law, but it was impossible to do at a regular university so i had to give it up. So i started with a distance university. I have studied long enough by now to be a Dr., but thanks to ME/CFS i have not finished it yet. With this illness you have no chance to achieve or do a lot. We need people to help us. We also need to do much more ourselves, i realize some people can't do much, but others can, with limitations. So i hope you see this is the right place for a philantropist.
 

LaurelW

Senior Member
Messages
643
Location
Utah
Dear Ecoclimber,
I'm really sad that you are pulling out of ME/CFS research due to the actions of a bunch of rabblerousers, most of whom got kicked off of this forum for bad behaviour. The majority of us are good, polite people who are really suffering and very much appreciate the contributions you have made to this field so far. We really need people like you to be our advocates! Please reconsider.
Thank you!
 

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder
Hi Alex,
I agree with you that it aint over yet.
But I dont want to get too focused on the minutiae of PCR. I think the wider picture is just as interesting (if not more). The most interesting thing to come out of the WPI for me was the link between CFS and autism and cancer in families. That would be really interesting to investigate and not as bewildering as trying to find out what is happening at cellular scale where we can only test at the limits of detection.
If the autism cancer cfs link is really there there must be a cause and it must be looked for. It is outrageous that proper epidemiological studies have never been done in this disorder when they are so obviously the first step and easy to do.
I really hope this conference isnt set to halt other research into CFS - research that has been needed for a generation.

The family history connection is one of the more interesting things to come out of all this. I don't have autism or ADHD or MS in my family but we do have autoimmune diseases and I've talked to several people with family histories very similar to those that were mentioned.
 

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder
Ecoclimber sounds like quite the motivated philanthropist, but I still don't quite understand how his efforts were so easily derailed:

Funders or researchers ran away at the sight of controversy? Chicago Tribune has that much influence on peoples' views?

A few posts on a forum managed to squash research in the real world? The irony here is that if XMRV really is just contamination as Ecoclimber seems to be leaning towards, Gerwyn et al saved Miller and funders from wasting valuable resources.

Ecoclimber and I talked about this several times. I felt he was worried too much about the negative press the Dusty Miller study was getting but he does come from the corporate world and he asserted that corporations really dislike getting associated with things that get bad press. Dr. Mikovits to the Chicago Tribune cast her in a bad light - so he didn't feel he was going to be able to get money for her. The CAA has its problems with the patient community - so there were problems there. Dusty Miller was being called all sorts of things which might be problematic for Fred Hutchinson. I don't come from the corporate world (lol) but I thought - is it all that bad, really - a bunch of patients upset on the internet? He thought it was.
 

currer

Senior Member
Messages
1,409
Re cancer autism and cfs - research here could reveal a cause - as with the XMRV hypothesis.
Too much research is symptom based - and that doesn't take us very far. While it is true that many diseases are effectively treated without understanding of their causes I feel research should look for a CAUSE for a disorder which appears to be acquired, and has spread so rapidly in the last thirty years.

Cort - the reason there is dissent in the CFS world is because decisions and choices made here are important and impact on people's lives. Of course feelings will run high. People are really suffering. Look at the flak the WPI will take if XMRV does not work out.
We need people with courage to get involved, and yes, it will sort out the men from the boys! Thats reality - its not always pretty!
 

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder

I work behind the scenes which fits me best. I work the back channels. Cort knows that I do not like to reveal myself but Eric I like you so here goes. About a year ago, I learned about ME/CFS. I did not know the history nor the animosity between the various organizations. I didn't know much history about this illness.

But after reading about it, my purpose and mission was to find a cause and cure for ME/CFS, Fibro. I am a philanthropists who raises funds for various causes not necessarily for medical research.

I was contacted by Cort and Shane CBS, My first contribution was with the help of Shane by donating computer equipment and Microsoft software to Dr. Lucinda Bateman of OFFER located in Salt Lake City.

My next attempt was working with Annette Whittemore and Judy Mikovits to create a link and provide a web site on our organizational site, MS Alumni.com or MSANET.org outlining the cutting edge research that WPI was conducting so that our 60K members could read about the work and link to WPI to make a donation. Annette and I had long talks last summer between her flights. Both Annette and I felt it was not a good time to launch this site.

My next attempt was working with Kim McCleary of CAA or CFIDS.org to accomplish the same setup. She felt because of the XMRV, it was not a good time.

Both attempts failed because at the same time there was this huge controversy suddenly exploding with XMRV and the Chicago Tribune and it was felt best for things to die down.

In the mean time I was contacting researchers across the country and Canada for their insight and how could I help. I decide what would be best is to obtain another well respected retrovirologist not a virologist to substantiate the Lombardi paper. I contacted Dr. Dusty Miller of the world renown Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. I had many long talks about his views on XMRV. He was thoroughly vetted as to his attitude toward XMRV. He believe it existed and that he could find find it. He was also professor of molecular biology, virology and pathology at the University of Washington with over 300+ peer review articles to his name. He believed he could find it and develop treatment therapies for it. He believe that there was a neurological component to this illness, he wished to explore. This really interested me so I offered to financially fund phase one of his research project before phase 2 and if need be finance the entire research project.
This project was shot down by the mecfs forums believing we were out to destroy the WPI. We had obtained the blessing of the WPI and Judy Mikovits for our research.

The research was placed on hold because of the acrimony of certain mecfs forum members and we missed the application deadline for phase 2.

That being said I contacted the COO of the Paul Allen Insitute of Brain Science who were researching in the field of autism and they cordially invited Dusty Miller to meet with their scientists. I was hoping that XMRV played a part in autism.

I also contacted as my part my own MS Alumni Organization and our Microsoft Foundation who commits to funding and recognizing outstanding work in the philanthropic field. The head of our foundation is Jeff Raikes, the CEO of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Also my previous boss Scott Oki sits on the board. I worked with Melinda on a previous project as a manager before she met Bill Gates. I know Bill Gates Sr. as well. I am in the middle of writing a proposal to expand the function of our foundation board to present to the board of our foundation.

After leaving Microsoft, I was in charge of the worldwide information technology center at Weyerhaeuser as a consultant overseeing the CBPR-IT (container board, packaging, recycling division) with 67 plants and mills world wide encompassing thousands of employees.

I just want to acknowledge that based on my conversations with Ecoclimber over the past 9 months or so this is all true. He has shown an amazing commitment to network and work -particularly since his health is really, really poor. He is another person whom I wonder how much progress we could make - if he could just get healthy.

His help with the OFFER computer and software fundraising event was critical. We talked many times about getting the WPI, first, and then the CAA, later, up on the MS Alumni (fundraising) site (Phoenix Rising?? :)) and getting Dr. Mikovits and then Suzanne Vernon an 'in' to the grant review committee at Microsoft.

He went to great lengths to get Dusty Miller involved. We had a fascinating interview (never posted unfortunately) but the Miller study was derailed by a number of reasons; the uproar at the ME/CFS Forums hurt and probably made Miller gunshy about contacting the CFS community but my understanding was that after talking to other retrovirologists who were interested/doing similar projects - he also decided that XMRV's chances of working had faded considerably. (Miller's alternate route if the direct 'contact them on the Forums' approach was too much, ironically was to get patients from Dedra Buchwald's clinic - not the place we'd exactly want him to go -but that was the direction he was being pushed in).

Ecoclimber talked with me about the Paul Allen Foundation and the Dusty Miller invitation and contacting congressional people in his area as well as Miller's and Mikovits ultimate agreement on the study - which, unfortunately, has not taken place. Ecoclimber may have some outbursts at time but he is willing to network like no one else I know, really.
 

Cort

Phoenix Rising Founder
Cort - the reason there is dissent in the CFS world is because decisions and choices made here are important and impact on people's lives. Of course feelings will run high. People are really suffering. Look at the flak the WPI will take if XMRV does not work out.

We need people with courage to get involved, and yes, it will sort out the men from the boys! Thats reality - its not always pretty!

Well aware of that curer :) (believe me). Alot of people, patients and researchers, have alot invested in XMRV turning out. It did seem to be the turning point for us. I thought it might be the biggest turnaround in medical and public opinion of any disorder anywhere. There would be pre XMRV and post XMRV - two eras divided by one research finding.

XMRV is taking some big hits right now....but the BWG and Lipkin and Singh and GSK/CAA studies are very important. No one has tried to show XMRV integration into human DNA of CFS patients. If they could do that that would be big. If the WPI can identify XMRV positive samples correctly in the double-blinded BWG test - that would be big.

I think the negative stuff at the Conference is inferential - it's not positive proof. It's like the Hue paper - the Hue paper raised some red flags, the other Retrovirology papers raised some more, the endogenous retrovirus paper raises some more and XMRV will surely lose more support among researchers - but they don't actually prove that XMRV is not an infectious virus in CFS. Some researchers - we'll see how many - will say the chances of it being that are so small as to make that proposition untenable. Others will argue otherwise...that there is no proof that the XMRV in CFS did not come from people (but somehow got into the samples).

Showing integration into human DNA would be a big step forward....
 

eric_s

Senior Member
Messages
1,925
Location
Switzerland/Spain (Valencia)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation... do you know what this means? It could well mean our ticket to health in a reasonable time. I don't want to sound cynical, but that's the way it is.

So here is another suggestion. Ecoclimber, you say you prefer working behind the scenes. No problem. But i think we would have to find a way so that it's possible to be more transparent about things. I believe if people truly knew who they are dealing with and could see what chances this means, they, or at least the vast majority of them, would be very grateful and things might work much better. I'm not asking you to disclose more about yourself, just maybe think about how it would be possible to achieve this. That it would be better possible for people to trust someone like you. For example you've said you've tried to work with Annette Whittemore. More or less everybody on ME/CFS Forums would support you 100% if they had heard about this from her.
 

currer

Senior Member
Messages
1,409
I did not know ecoclimber was himself ill. He deserves sympathy for the stress he has been under.
My consultant was a leading figure in Britain who tried ( and largely succeeded) to improve provision for CFS patients in Britain. he told me that he urgently wanted to get more doctors to take an interest in CFS/ME as he would be retiring soon but that we were known as a very difficult patient group ( vicious internet attacks on doctors being relatively common ) and new doctors were unwilling to get involved. After all they could make more money in another specialty and never have to face all the grief we would give them.
So this only leaves those with a special interest (like having ME themselves, or having a relative with it) available to the patient community - so that is only a small group.
However I dont blame patients, mad though they may be. Crappy said neglect was a form of abuse and if only it were only neglect! We are damaged by the attitude of the society we live in and this damage shows. But it takes an exceptional person to see the truth of this and that we are nevertheless still deserving of help.
 

akrasia

Senior Member
Messages
215
Cort wrote:

the uproar at the ME/CFS Forums hurt and probably made Miller gunshy about contacting the CFS community but my understanding was that after talking to other retrovirologists who were interested/doing similar projects - he also decided that XMRV's chances of working had faded considerably. (Miller's alternate route if the direct 'contact them on the Forums' approach was too much, ironically was to get patients from Dedra Buchwald's clinic - not the place we'd exactly want him to go -but that was the direction he was being pushed in).

Dusty Miller approached this community in a way that was unethical: he hadn't received IRB(Institutional Review Board) approval of his protocol.

He wanted to use an untested assay that, as I understand it, would falsely indicate contamination when people were actually XMRV+, undermining the work of the WPI. This is a very important issue. Until things are much clearer people should be very chary about participating in experiments which are using this assay. As I recall, he wanted to perform a "definitive" study.

Miller claimed to have a great familiarity and sympathy with the political issues animating the M.E. world. If he did and still was going to enroll patients from Buchwald's clinic, which views the disease as factitious, then he was not truthful.

If his commitment to the XMRV project could be swayed just by virtue of his conversations with other retrovirologists what does that say about his earlier assertion that he was on board with the association of XMRV and M.E.?

His participation on me/cfs forums was not as innocent as you describe; he gave as well as took. If a handful of voices, some abrasive perhaps, could sway this scientist from significant research, what sort of scientist is he?